Eating Responses of Obese and Nonobese Humans during Dinner Meals

Abstract

Observations of eating responses of obese and nonobese subjects were made in meal settings. Seven obese and seven nonobese male undergraduates were videotaped as they ate four dinner meals, two low and two high in preference, under low and high hunger conditions. As hunger and preferences increased, the amount of food eaten, the meal length, and the number of bites significantly increased. Time per bite decreased as hunger and preference increased. Obese subjects ate more grams per second than the nonobese subjects. Obese subjects also ate more high preference food and less low preference food than nonobese subjects. These findings are discussed in terms of Schachter's theory of differential stimulus orientation of obese and nonobese people and in terms of the set-point theories of Nisbett and Sclafani and Kluge.

Sensory-specific satiety with simple foods in humans: no influence of BMI?

“…As an example, according to others, obese subjects may be more responsive to the hedonic value of food, 41,48,49 have a higher sensory reward during a meal, 50 have a preference for energy-dense foods, 20,41 have more appetite after eating a single food to satiation, 24 have higher interest for uneaten foods after having eaten a specific one, 24 and be more sensitive to environmental factors. 41 In that way, some obese subjects claim that their eating is 'out of their control'.…”

Eating rate is a heritable phenotype related to weight in children

“…4 Two fit indexes are reported from the structural equation modeling analyses: P value based on the likelihood ratio 2 test and on AIC (22). 5 Probability was incalculable because of the lack of change in fit statistics. error) of 0.38 may indicate that different treatment from the parents influences eating rate over the developmental trajectory.…”

“…Comparisons between normal-weight and overweight or obese adults by using this methodology have produced mixed findings: some studies reported faster eating or less deceleration over the meal in overweight or obese groups (5,6), but others found no difference (7,8). Methodologic heterogeneity may account for some of these inconsistencies, but the widespread cultural belief that eating slowly aids weight loss also could lead overweight adults to eat more slowly during observed meals.…”

Food acceptability in field studies with US army men and women: relationship with food intake and food choice after repeated exposures

“…Various studies have shown that there is a positive relationship between food acceptability (liking) ratings and food intake (Bellisle, Lucas, Amrani, & Le Magnen, 1984;Bobroff & Kissileff, 1986;de Graaf, de Jong, & Lambers, 1999;Drewnowski, 1997;Guy-Grand, Lehnert, & Doassans, 1994;Helleman & Tuorila, 1991;Hetherington & Macdiarmid, 1993;Hill & McCutcheon, 1975;Porikos, Hessner, & Van Italie, 1982;Spiegel, Shrager, & Stellar, 1989;Yeomans, 1996;Zandstra, de Graaf, Van Trijp, & Van Staveren, 1999), although this relationship is not as straightforward as it seems to be at first sight (Pérez et al, 1994;Pliner, Herman, & Polivy, 1990;Porikos et al, 1982;Zandstra et al, 1999). Most of these studies investigated food intake within controlled laboratory settings with foods that were artificially made highly palatable or unpalatable (e.g.…”