East Asian monsoon variation during the last 130,000 Years: evidence from the Loess Plateau of central China and Lake Biwa of Japan

Xiao, Jinchong; An, Z.; Liu, T. S.; Inouchi, Yoshio; Kumai, Hisao; Yoshikawa, Shinya; Kondo, Yoichi

doi:10.1016/s0277-3791(97)00097-8

Cited by 82 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…This is in agreement with some proxy records. For example, stalagmite from eastern China (Wang et al, 2008) and lake sediments from Japan (Xiao et al, 1999) indicate stronger summer monsoon precipitation during MIS-5e than today. However, CCSM3 simulates less summer precipitation over eastern China and Japan during MIS-5e than PI.…”

Section: Jja Precipitation Anomaliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The last interglacial (Eemian) climate simulated by LOVECLIM and CCSM3

et al. 2013

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This paper presents a detailed analysis of the climate of the last interglacial simulated by two climate models of different complexities, CCSM3 (Community Climate System Model 3) and LOVECLIM (LOch-Vecode-Ecbilt-CLio-agIsm Model). The simulated surface temperature, hydrological cycle, vegetation and ENSO variability during the last interglacial are analyzed through the comparison with the simulated pre-industrial (PI) climate. In both models, the last interglacial period is characterized by a significant warming (cooling) over almost all the continents during boreal summer (winter) leading to a largely increased (reduced) seasonal contrast in the Northern (Southern) Hemisphere. This is mainly due to the much higher (lower) insolation received by the whole Earth in boreal summer (winter) during this interglacial. The Arctic is warmer than PI through the whole year, resulting from its much higher summer insolation, its remnant effect in the following fall-winter through the interactions between atmosphere, ocean and sea ice and feedbacks from sea ice and snow cover. Discrepancies exist in the sea-ice formation zones between the two models. Cooling is simulated by CCSM3 in the Greenland and Norwegian seas and near the shelves of Antarctica during DJF but not in LOVECLIM as a result of excessive sea-ice formation. Intensified African monsoon is responsible for the cooling during summer in northern Africa and on the Arabian Peninsula. Over India, the precipitation maximum is found further west, while in Africa the precipitation maximum migrates further north. Trees and grassland expand north in Sahel/Sahara, more clearly seen in LOVECLIM than in CCSM3 results. A mix of forest and grassland occupies continents and expands deep into the high northern latitudes. Desert areas reduce significantly in the Northern Hemisphere, but increase in northern Australia. The interannual SST variability of the tropical Pacific (El-Niño Southern Oscillation) of the last interglacial simulated by CCSM3 shows slightly larger variability and magnitude compared to the PI. However, the SST variability in our LOVECLIM simulations is particularly small due to the overestimated thermocline's depth

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Section: Jja Precipitation Anomaliesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The last interglacial (Eemian) climate simulated by LOVECLIM and CCSM3

et al. 2013

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“…The abrupt changes in the North Atlantic climate have been associated with changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) (McManus et al, 1999;Elliot et al, 2002;McManus et al, 2004;Stocker and Johnsen, 2003). The Asian monsoon, which is sensitive to orbitally controlled changes of insolation (Xiao et al, 1999;Rousseau and Kukla, 2000) also varied on millennial timescales as shown by speleothem (Wang et al, 2001) and marine sediment (Altabet et al, 2002) records. The Indian monsoon has also been suggested to vary on these timescales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glacial fluctuations of the Indian monsoon and their relationship with North Atlantic climate: new data and modelling experiments

et al. 2013

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Abstract. Several paleoclimate records such as from Chinese loess, speleothems or upwelling indicators in marine sediments present large variations of the Asian monsoon system during the last glaciation. Here, we present a new record from the northern Andaman Sea (core MD77-176) which shows the variations of the hydrological cycle of the Bay of Bengal. The high-resolution record of surface water δ18O dominantly reflects salinity changes and displays large millennial-scale oscillations over the period 40 000 to 11 000 yr BP. Their timing and sequence suggests that events of high (resp. low) salinity in the Bay of Bengal, i.e. weak (resp. strong) Indian monsoon, correspond to cold (resp. warm) events in the North Atlantic and Arctic, as documented by the Greenland ice core record. We use the IPSL_CM4 Atmosphere-Ocean coupled General Circulation Model to study the processes that could explain the teleconnection between the Indian monsoon and the North Atlantic climate. We first analyse a numerical experiment in which such a rapid event in the North Atlantic is obtained under glacial conditions by increasing the freshwater flux in the North Atlantic, which results in a reduction of the intensity of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation. This freshwater hosing results in a weakening of the Indian monsoon rainfall and circulation. The changes in the continental runoff and local hydrological cycle are responsible for an increase in salinity in the Bay of Bengal. This therefore compares favourably with the new sea water δ18O record presented here and the hypothesis of synchronous cold North Atlantic and weak Indian monsoon events. Additional sensitivity experiments are produced with the LMDZ atmospheric model to analyse the teleconnection mechanisms between the North Atlantic and the Indian monsoon. The changes over the tropical Atlantic are shown to be essential in triggering perturbations of the subtropical jet over Africa and Eurasia, that in turn affect the intensity of the Indian monsoon. These relationships are also found to be valid in additional coupled model simulations in which the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) is forced to resume.

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“…Both MIS 5 and MIS 3 were humid in middle latitudes [49], consistent with the orbital-precession cycles of ~20 ka. In Eastern Asia, stalagmite records [50] and loss records [51] indicate that the intensity of the Asian monsoon was strong during MIS 3 and MIS 5, and insolation in the Northern Hemisphere was strong. During such periods, the climate is humid.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High lake levels on Alxa Plateau during the Late Quaternary

Wang

Cheng

et al. 2011

Chin. Sci. Bull.

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Field investigations including lake shoreline measurement and 14 C chronology have been carried out on the Alxa Plateau to better understand the formation and evolution of the high lake levels in northwest China during the late Pleistocene. Comprehensive field investigations show that there are at least ten shorelines at different elevations at Juyan Lake, at least four on the northwest side of the Jilantai Salt Lake, and nine shorelines and one terrace on the northeast margin of Zhuye Lake. Stratigraphic correlations and chronological evidence indicate that the paleo-lakes have the highest lake levels in Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 3. Though the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) results which have been reported by some scholars do not support this view, the fact that the paleo-lakes have the highest lake levels in MIS 3 can not be denied. Differences between OSL and 14 C results from this work might indicate that high lake levels existed on the Alxa Plateau during two different periods. It also suggests that the high lake levels may exist in both MIS 5 and early MIS 3. This paper also provides the basic hydrological information for further water resources research in this arid region. Alxa Plateau, desert, MIS 3, MIS 5, high lake levels, late Quaternary Citation:Wang N A, Li Z L, Cheng H Y, et al. High lake levels on Alxa Plateau during the Late Quaternary.

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East Asian monsoon variation during the last 130,000 Years: evidence from the Loess Plateau of central China and Lake Biwa of Japan

Cited by 82 publications

References 0 publications

The last interglacial (Eemian) climate simulated by LOVECLIM and CCSM3

The last interglacial (Eemian) climate simulated by LOVECLIM and CCSM3

Glacial fluctuations of the Indian monsoon and their relationship with North Atlantic climate: new data and modelling experiments

High lake levels on Alxa Plateau during the Late Quaternary

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