Earthquake induced variations in extrusion rate: A numerical modeling approach to the 2006 eruption of Merapi Volcano (Indonesia)

Carr, B. B.; Clarke, A. B.; Vitturi, Mattia de’ Michieli

doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2017.11.019

Cited by 25 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…This runout distance is typical for a single dome collapse with a volume of ≤ 10 6 m 3 (VEI = 1). The single dome collapse in 2006 with a volume of 1×10 6 m 3 traveled along Gendol valley and destroyed the village of Kaliadem which was located 4.5 km from the summit (Charbonnier and Gertisser, 2009;. Therefore, we infer that our potential hazard model is relevant and realistic for single dome collapse with VEI 1.…”

Section: Block-and-ash Flow Hazard Along the Gendol Valleymentioning

confidence: 82%

“…We then simulated a hazard scenario of gravity driven avalanches by using Titan2D software. The Titan2D software has been used by previous studies to simulate block-and-ash flows due to lava dome collapses (Widiwijayanti et al, 2007;Charbonnier and Gertisser, 2009;Procter et al, 2009;Charbonnier and Gertisser, 2012;Charbonnier et al, 2013). The input parameters of Titan2D should be defined carefully to reduce uncertainty during simulation and to obtain the most realistic result.…”

Section: Scenario Modeling Of Block-and-ash Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The collapse volume is set to 0.3 × 10 6 m 3 , which represents a deep water percolation and gentle slope failure plane (α) scenario. The bed coulomb friction parameter, the most sensitive parameter that controls the flow and material distribution (Sheridan et al, 2005;Charbonnier and Gertisser, 2009), is set to between 28 and 16 • , from the top of the dome to the lowest slope, respectively (Table 2), following a study of bonnier and Gertisser, 2009). This range of the bed friction parameter will consider the topography effect during simulation and produce realistic mass flow model.…”

Section: Scenario Modeling Of Block-and-ash Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural weakening of the Merapi dome identified by drone photogrammetry after the 2010 eruption

Darmawan

Walter

Troll

et al. 2018

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Lava domes are subjected to structural weakening that can lead to gravitational collapse and produce pyroclastic flows that may travel up to several kilometers from a volcano's summit. At Merapi volcano, Indonesia, pyroclastic flows are a major hazard, frequently causing high numbers of casualties. After the Volcanic Explosivity Index 4 eruption in 2010, a new lava dome developed on Merapi volcano and was structurally destabilized by six steam-driven explosions between 2012 and 2014. Previous studies revealed that the explosions produced elongated open fissures and a delineated block in the southern dome sector. Here, we investigated the geomorphology, structures, thermal fingerprint, alteration mapping and hazard potential of the Merapi lava dome by using drone-based geomorphologic data and forward-looking thermal infrared images. The block on the southern dome of Merapi is delineated by a horseshoe-shaped structure with a maximum depth of 8 m and it is located on the unbuttressed southern steep flank. We identify intense thermal, fumarole and hydrothermal alteration activities along this horseshoe-shaped structure. We conjecture that hydrothermal alteration may weaken the horseshoe-shaped structure, which then may develop into a failure plane that can lead to gravitational collapse. To test this instability hypothesis, we calculated the factor of safety and ran a numerical model of block-and-ash flow using Titan2D. Results of the factor of safety analysis confirm that intense rainfall events may reduce the internal friction and thus gradually destabilize the dome. The titan2D model suggests that a hypothetical gravitational collapse of the delineated unstable dome sector may travel southward for up to 4 km. This study highlights the relevance of gradual structural weakening of lava domes, which can influence the development fumaroles and hydrothermal alteration activities of cooling lava domes for years after initial emplacement.

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Section: Block-and-ash Flow Hazard Along the Gendol Valleymentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Scenario Modeling Of Block-and-ash Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scenario Modeling Of Block-and-ash Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural weakening of the Merapi dome identified by drone photogrammetry after the 2010 eruption

Darmawan

Walter

Troll

et al. 2018

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…These xenoliths testify to prevalent magma-carbonate interaction 7,26 , a process that is ongoing and occurs at rapid syn-magmatic timescales 11,12 . Previous work at Merapi has focused on radiogenic ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) and stable (δ 13 C, δ 18 O) isotope analysis of bulk xenoliths and mineral separates of the most abundant calc-silicate mineral phases (wollastonite, diopside) 7,12,25,26 , highlighting the significance of crustal contamination in the genesis of Merapi magmas, and a role of magma-carbonate interaction for enhancing eruption explosivity 12,26–28 . Some of these Merapi xenoliths retain remnant calcite with distinct textural types, which provide an exceptional opportunity to gain novel insights into magma-crustal interaction processes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crustal CO2 contribution to subduction zone degassing recorded through calc-silicate xenoliths in arc lavas

Whitley

Gertisser

Halama

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Interaction between magma and crustal carbonate at active arc volcanoes has recently been proposed as a source of atmospheric CO 2 , in addition to CO 2 released from the mantle and subducted oceanic crust. However, quantitative constraints on efficiency and timing of these processes are poorly established. Here, we present the first in situ carbon and oxygen isotope data of texturally distinct calcite in calc-silicate xenoliths from arc volcanics in a case study from Merapi volcano (Indonesia). Textures and C-O isotopic data provide unique evidence for decarbonation, magma-fluid interaction, and the generation of carbonate melts. We report extremely light δ 13 C PDB values down to −29.3‰ which are among the lowest reported in magmatic systems so far. Combined with the general paucity of relict calcite, these extremely low values demonstrate highly efficient remobilisation of crustal CO 2 over geologically short timescales of thousands of years or less. This rapid release of large volumes of crustal CO 2 may impact global carbon cycling.

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“…Another possible source of CO2 could be the decarbonation of the limestone units that commonly exist in the upper crust in Java (e.g. Allard, 1983;Chadwick et al, 2007;Deegan et al, 2010;Troll et al, 2012;Troll et al, 2013;Carr et al, 2018). Based on the results from this study, we cannot comment on the extents of carbonate assimilation before the two eruptions, given that the CO2 gas from decarbonation (e.g.…”

Section: Links Between Magmatic Volatiles and Pre-eruptive Gas Emissionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Eruptive styles of subduction-zone volcanoes : investigation of magmatic volatile budgets and ascent rates using apatite

Li¹

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Earthquake induced variations in extrusion rate: A numerical modeling approach to the 2006 eruption of Merapi Volcano (Indonesia)

Cited by 25 publications

References 44 publications

Structural weakening of the Merapi dome identified by drone photogrammetry after the 2010 eruption

Structural weakening of the Merapi dome identified by drone photogrammetry after the 2010 eruption

Crustal CO2 contribution to subduction zone degassing recorded through calc-silicate xenoliths in arc lavas

Eruptive styles of subduction-zone volcanoes : investigation of magmatic volatile budgets and ascent rates using apatite

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