2020
DOI: 10.1007/s12210-020-00889-8
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Earth’s gravity from space

Abstract: Satellite gravimetry began with the launch of the satellites Sputnik 1 and 2 in 1957. During the following 43 years, more and more details were discovered and the models of the Earth’s gravity could be refined. Methods improved and more and more satellite orbits and ground stations were added in the analysis, employing more advanced and precise measuring techniques. A new era started with the dedicated gravimetry missions CHAMP (2000–2010), GRACE (2002–2017), and GOCE (2009–2013). The methods of satellite-to-s… Show more

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Cited by 6 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…The following is a very brief summary of some results of the geophysical, oceanographic and geodetic use of GOCE. Reference is made to Rummel (2020). Gravity or geoid anomalies are a measure for the imbalance of the Earth masses in the crust, lithosphere and upper mantle (Alvarez et al 2014;Bouman et al 2016;Braitenberg 2015;Ebbing et al 2014;v/d Meijden et al 2015;Panet et al 2014).…”
Section: Scientific Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The following is a very brief summary of some results of the geophysical, oceanographic and geodetic use of GOCE. Reference is made to Rummel (2020). Gravity or geoid anomalies are a measure for the imbalance of the Earth masses in the crust, lithosphere and upper mantle (Alvarez et al 2014;Bouman et al 2016;Braitenberg 2015;Ebbing et al 2014;v/d Meijden et al 2015;Panet et al 2014).…”
Section: Scientific Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, when the remove-compute-restore (RCR) method is combined with a smoothing topo-graphic correction like in the Helmert's condensation or RTM methods, the Stokes' integral's numerical quadrature may be evaluated on reduced and smoother gravity anomalies than when a global equipotential surface is used. Analysis of the temporal variations of the gravity field, combined with the time series of monthly gravity models, will lead to an improved understanding of the various compartments of the climate system (atmosphere, oceans, terrestrial water, continental crust and lithosphere) (Rummel, 2020), and provide a valuable data source for time-variable gravity studies, such as climate change.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The Earth's gravity model plays a crucial in studying space satellite orbit (Rummel, 2020). As described by (Barthelmes, 2013) In which: V is the gravitational potential; r, φ, and λ correspond to the spherical geocentric coordinates of the computation point (radius, latitude, and longitude); R is a reference radius, usually taken as the mean semi-major axis of Earth in geodesy; GM is the gravitational constant times the mass of the Earth; l and m are degree and order of spherical harmonic, lmax is the maximum degree of the model expansion; 𝑃 ̅ 𝑙𝑚 are fully normalized Legendre polynomials of degree l and order m, and 𝐶 ̅ 𝑙𝑚 and 𝑆 ̅ 𝑙𝑚 are spherical harmonic coefficients.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%