Earth-like thermal and dynamical coupling processes in the Martian climate system

Wu, Zhaopeng; Li, Tao; Heavens, N. G.; Newman, C. E.; Richardson, M. I.; Cao, Yang; Li, Jing; Cui, Jun

doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2022.104023

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 210 publications

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“…The in‐situ measurement is typically used in the upper atmosphere, whereas the remote sensing is used in the lower atmosphere. In the lower atmosphere on Mars, GWs were reported with apparent vertical wavelengths of around 10 km (Creasey, Forbes, & Hinson, 2006; Wu, Li, Heavens et al., 2022; Wu, Li, Li et al., 2022). In the thermosphere, the wavelength spectrum analysis based on the MGS accelerometer data suggested that the dominant horizontal wavelengths are 100–300 km (Creasey, Forbes, & Keating, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Topographic Gravity Waves Observed in the Martian Thermosphere: A Statistical Perspective From a 1‐D Full‐Wave Model

Huang

Cui

et al. 2022

JGR Space Physics

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the Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer (NGIMS) onboard Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) spacecraft has provided an unprecedentedly large data set of various species densities of the Martain thermosphere, stimulating more studies on the Martian themospheric GWs. For example, Yiǧit et al. (2015) discovered the wave-like perturbations in MAVEN's CO 2 density profiles. Terada et al. (2017) statistically discussed the dependence of GW activities on atmospheric temperature, latitude, longitude, and solar wind Abstract Gravity waves (GWs) are significant dynamical processes in planetary atmospheres due to their efficient transport of momentum and energy from the lower to the upper atmosphere. Recent observations from in-situ measurements by spacecraft like Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) also reveal ubiquitous GW activity in the Martian thermosphere. As a critical parameter for characterizing GWs, the wavelength spectrum has been studied for years. However, most of the current observations for the Martian thermosphere can only determine the apparent GW wavelength because they usually take one-dimensional measurements within a typical GW period. In this work, we adopt a full-wave GW model to statistically investigate the upward propagation of the topographic-generated GWs and how their wavelength spectrum apparently looks in the thermosphere when observed by a spacecraft like MAVEN. We find that the wind significantly modifies the vertical wavelengths of GWs in the Martian atmosphere. Considering the GWs generated from topographic sources, we calculate their wavelength distribution in the thermosphere, with a most probable apparent vertical wavelength of around 14 km, consisting with the MAVEN observation. However, our theoretical wavelength spectrum is mainly concentrated in the low wavelength part (10-20 km), while the observed result contains a long-tailed component in the long wavelength part. The mismatch between our model and observations indicates that at least 72% of the observed GWs in the thermosphere are not generated from topographic sources.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Gravity waves (GWs) are omnipresent in the Martian thermosphere (e.g., Fritts et al., 2006; Wright, 2012; Wu, Li, Heavens et al., 2022; Wu, Li, Li et al., 2022). Their observations date back to the temperature fluctuations measured by Viking 2 (Seiff & Kirk, 1976).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topographic Gravity Waves Observed in the Martian Thermosphere: A Statistical Perspective From a 1‐D Full‐Wave Model

Huang

Cui

et al. 2022

JGR Space Physics

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some modes of the tides propagate vertically with increasing amplitude due to the conservation of energy (Lindzen & Chapman, 1969). These tides are significant and highly coupled with airborne dust and water ice as well as atmospheric circulation, and are sensitive indicators of excitation sources (Barnes et al, 2017;Wu et al, 2022). These excitations and coupling processes are among current bottlenecks of numerical simulations (Gilli et al, 2020;Navarro et al, 2017), and also our understanding of the Martian atmosphere.Since the first global and diurnal observation of the Martian atmospheric temperature obtained by the InfraRed Thermal Mapper onboard the Viking orbiters (Wilson & Richardson, 2000), our knowledge of thermal tides in the Martian atmosphere has been significantly enriched in the past two decades from a number of Mars orbiter…”

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confidence: 99%

Migrating Thermal Tides in the Martian Atmosphere During Aphelion Season Observed by EMM/EMIRS

Fan

Forget

Smith

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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Temperature profiles retrieved using the first set of data of the Emirates Mars InfraRed Spectrometer obtained during the science phase of the Emirates Mars Mission are used for the analysis of migrating thermal tides in the Martian atmosphere. The selected data cover a solar longitude (LS) range of 60°–90° of Martian Year 36. The novel orbit design of the Hope Probe leads to a good geographic and local time coverage that significantly improves the analysis. Wave mode decomposition suggests dominant diurnal tide and important semi‐diurnal tide with maximal amplitudes of 6 and 2 K, respectively, as well as the existence of ∼0.5 K ter‐diurnal tide. The results agree well with predictions by the Mars Planetary Climate Model, but the observed diurnal tide has an earlier phase (3 hr), and the semi‐diurnal tide has an unexpectedly large wavelength (∼200 km).

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“…Mountainous areas and basin areas, as special geomorphic spaces in Yunnan Province, have not been strictly subdivided in existing studies, and the relationship between humans and land is rarely involved. The concept of "coupling" in geography originated from physics, which refers to the synergy of two or more systems through various interactions, or the dynamic relationship between the elements of the system [24]. Mountainous areas and basin areas mainly include flat land between mountains and surrounding mountains [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modeling Analysis on Coupling Mechanisms of Mountain–Basin Human–Land Systems: Take Yuxi City as an Example

Yang

Xie

2022

Land

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The result of a human–land relationship in geographical environment systems is a human–land coupling system, which is a comprehensive process of interaction and infiltration between human economic and social systems and the natural ecosystem. Based on the recognition that the human–land system is a nonlinear system coupled by multiple factors, a time delay fractional order dynamics model with a Holling-II-type transformation rate was constructed, the stability analysis of the system was carried out, the transformation times of different land classes were clarified, and the coupled dynamics model parameters of mountainous areas and basin areas were obtained by using the land-use change survey data and socio-economic statistical data in Yuxi City, respectively: the transformation parameter of the production and living land to the unused land in mountainous areas and basin areas (aM, 0.0486 and aB, 0.0126); the transformation parameter of unused land to production and living land in mountainous areas and basin areas (bM 0.0062 and bB, 0.0139); the transformation parameter of unused land to the forest and grass land in mountainous areas and basin areas (sM, 0.0051 and sB, 0.0028); the land area required to maintain the individual unit in mountainous areas and basin areas (hM, 0.0335 and hB, 0.0165); the average reclamation capacity in mountainous areas and basin areas (dM, 0.03 and dB, 0.05); the inherent growth rate of populations in mountainous areas and basin areas (rM, 0.0563 and rB, 0.151). Through analyzing the coupling mechanisms of human–land systems, the countermeasures for the difference between mountainous areas and basin areas in the future development are put forward. The mountainous area should reduce the conversion of forest and grass land to production and living land by reducing the average reclamation or development capacity, reducing the excessive interference of human beings on unused land, and speeding up its natural recovery and succession to forest and grass land. In addition to reducing the average reclamation or development capacity in basin areas, the reclamation or development rate of the idle land and degraded land should be increased, and the conversion of idle land and degraded land into productive and living land should be encouraged by certain scientific and technological means.

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Earth-like thermal and dynamical coupling processes in the Martian climate system

Cited by 25 publications

References 210 publications

Topographic Gravity Waves Observed in the Martian Thermosphere: A Statistical Perspective From a 1‐D Full‐Wave Model

Topographic Gravity Waves Observed in the Martian Thermosphere: A Statistical Perspective From a 1‐D Full‐Wave Model

Migrating Thermal Tides in the Martian Atmosphere During Aphelion Season Observed by EMM/EMIRS

Modeling Analysis on Coupling Mechanisms of Mountain–Basin Human–Land Systems: Take Yuxi City as an Example

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