“…The prediction of deterioration in hospitalized patients has traditionally utilized track-and-trigger systems, including the National Early Warning Score (NEWS), the Modified Early Warning Score (MEWS), the Rothman Index (RI) and others (Rothman et al 2013, Alam et al 2014, Smith et al 2014, Churpek et al 2012, Nannan Panday et al 2017, Green et al 2018, Rojas et al 2018, Bartkowiak et al 2019, Bittman et al 2020. These scoring systems have benefits including their relative ease of use and accessibility, yet suffer because they largely rely on vital signs and lab tests, which are variously intermittent, delayed, incorrect, unvalidated or indeed never taken (Grant 2018, Grant and Crimmons 2018, Grant 2019, Gerry et al 2020.…”