Early visual information processing and the Defence Mechanism Test in schizophrenia

Bogren, Lennart; Bogren, Inga-Britt

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1999.tb00993.x

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Denial was coded entirely due to a very late perception of the peripheral person. The threshold for perception of the peripheral person was higher than in a study of patients with schizophrenia (36). For Denial, the result is in correspondence with the study of Rubino et al (19).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Panic disorder and the Defence Mechanism Test

Bogren¹,

Bogren²,

Ohrt³

et al. 2002

Nordic Journal of Psychiatry

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The aim was to study defence categories according to the modified version of the Defence Mechanism Test (DMTm) and to see if there was a relationship between DMTm and severity of illness. The material consists of 23 patients with panic disorder according to DSM-III-R who participated in a long-term follow-up of two clinical trials. The most common defence categories were repression, denial, disavowal or denial of the threat relation or of the identity of the peripheral person. The patients with denial or polymorphous identification had more severe symptoms and the latter group also were more handicapped by their symptoms. Denial and disavowal or denial of the threat relation may be defence categories, which are not so effective in preventing the individual from experiencing anxiety. Polymorphous identification, although not so common, does not seem to be an appropriate defence among patients with panic disorder.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 79%

Panic disorder and the Defence Mechanism Test

Bogren¹,

Bogren²,

Ohrt³

et al. 2002

Nordic Journal of Psychiatry

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“…Indeed, genetic correlates have been reported ( Bakanidze et al, 2013 , Goghari and Sponheim, 2008 ). Third, masking deficits are not contaminated by differential aging effects ( Green et al, 2003a ), unaffected by learning ( Rassovsky et al, 2004 , Suslow and Arolt, 1998 ), independent of cognitive deficits such as working memory ( Keri et al, 2001b ), premorbid IQ, fluid IQ and intellectual decline ( Koelkebeck et al, 2005 ), and personality aspects ( Bogren and Bogren, 1999 ), and only slightly modulated by cognitive/emotional aspects such as reward ( Rassovsky et al, 2005b ). However, there is a correlation with social perception ( Sergi and Green, 2002 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual masking & schizophrenia

Herzog

Brand

2015

Schizophrenia Research: Cognition

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Visual masking is a frequently used tool in schizophrenia research. Visual masking has a very high sensitivity and specificity and masking paradigms have been proven to be endophenotypes. Whereas masking is a powerful technique to study schizophrenia, the underlying mechanisms are discussed controversially. For example, for more than 25 years, masking deficits of schizophrenia patients were mainly attributed to a deficient magno-cellular system (M-system). Here, we show that there is very little evidence that masking deficits are magno-cellular deficits. We will discuss the magno-cellular and other approaches in detail and highlight their pros and cons.

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“…The difference between the two groups was largest near the nadir of the U-shape. Bogren and Bogren (1999) obtained a very mildly U-shaped masking function in the case of schizophrenic subjects. However, the study did not include data for control subjects so it is not possible to draw conclusions about abnormal masking in this study.…”

Section: Type-amentioning

confidence: 94%

“…These includeBogren and Bogren (1999);Butler et al (2002, when using gratings of 1 c/deg and 13 c/deg to mask a target letter);Cadenhead et al (1998);Green et al (2003a, in the case of target identification and a low energy mask);Green et al (1994aGreen et al ( , 1999;Lee et al (2008; using a low-energy mask and a ''paracontrast/ metacontrast mask'');Rassovsky et al (2004Rassovsky et al ( , 2005;Sergi and Green (2003); andWeiner et al (1990) (see…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Are masking abnormalities in schizophrenia specific to type-B masking?

Skottun¹,

Skoyles

2009

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry

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The abnormal visual masking in those with schizophrenia, it has been proposed, arises from a deficiency in their magnocellular system. Two kinds of masking exist: Type-A and Type-B. Type-A masking is characterized by the masking being strongest when target and mask are presented simultaneously. Type-B masking is characterized by a non-monotonic masking curve, i.e. the masking is largest when the mask is presented at some time after the target. The proposed link between masking and magnocellular activity applies mainly to Type-B masking. Thus, a magnocellular deficiency, if it exists, should effect Type-B masking more prominently than Type-A masking. Here we review the relevant literature. The majority of studies of masking in those with schizophrenia, it is found, have examined only Type-A masking. These find substantial evidence for abnormal masking. Where Type-B masking has been obtained, evidence also exists for abnormalities. However, the abnormal masking in these cases is largely unrelated to the defining characteristic of Type-B masking (i.e. to the non-monotonic masking function). It is concluded that the evidence for linking masking abnormalities in schizophrenia specifically to Type-B masking is weak. This undermines the proposal that masking abnormalities in schizophrenia have a magnocellular origin.

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Early visual information processing and the Defence Mechanism Test in schizophrenia

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Panic disorder and the Defence Mechanism Test

Panic disorder and the Defence Mechanism Test

Visual masking & schizophrenia

Are masking abnormalities in schizophrenia specific to type-B masking?

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