Early term and late preterm birth are associated with poorer school performance at age 5 years: a cohort study

Quigley, Maria A.; Poulsen, Gry; Boyle, Elaine M.; Wolke, Dieter; Field, David; Alfirević, Z̄arko; Kurinczuk, Jennifer J

doi:10.1136/archdischild-2011-300888

Cited by 205 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 38 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

177

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Although childbirth at 38 weeks of gestation may be associated with a potential reduction in LGA infants, some evidence suggests that early term birth (o39 weeks) is associated with increased risk of neonatal illness and mortality (Sengupta et al, 2013;Mally et al, 2015), as well as long-term morbidity including lower educational attainment (Marlow, 2012;Quigley et al, 2012). In our study, GDM mothers were induced earlier compared to the NGT mothers, and they also had elective caesarean sections earlier than their NGT counterparts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Antenatal management of gestational diabetes mellitus can improve neonatal outcomes

Raynes‐Greenow

Turner

et al. 2016

Midwifery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

a b s t r a c tObjective: Pregnancies complicated with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at a higher risk for caesarean and instrumental deliveries as well as adverse neonatal outcomes such as fetal overgrowth, hypoglycaemia and neonatal intensive care admission. Our primary objective was to describe neonatal outcomes in a sample that included term infants of both GDM mothers and mothers with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Design and setting: this cross-sectional study included 599 term babies born between September and October 2010 at Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia. Maternal and neonatal data were collected from medical records and a questionnaire. Glycaemic control data was based on third trimester HbA1c levels and self-monitoring blood glucose levels (BGL). Univariate associations between GDM status and maternal demographic factors, as well as pregnancy outcomes, were estimated using χ 2 tests and t-tests, as appropriate. Findings: of 599 babies, 67(11%) were born to GDM mothers. GDM mothers were more likely to be overweight/obese and of Asian ethnicity. Good glycaemic control was achieved in most GDM mothers. GDM babies were more likely to have been induced (p ¼0.013) and delivered earlier than non-GDM mothers (p o0.001), and they were also more likely to be breastfed within one hour of birth. Conclusions and implications for practice: in this study, GDM infants were more likely to be induced and delivered earlier but otherwise they did not have significantly different neonatal outcomes compared to infants of NGT mothers. This can be attributed to the good GDM control by lifestyle modification and insulin if necessary. The role of labour induction in GDM pregnancies should be further investigated. Midwives have an important role in maternal education during pregnancy and in the postnatal period.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Antenatal management of gestational diabetes mellitus can improve neonatal outcomes

Raynes‐Greenow

Turner

et al. 2016

Midwifery

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…35 They have also been found not to reach a good level of overall achievement in early school by teacher assessments using the Foundation Stage Profile. 36 In contrast to reports of increased difficulties, 1 group out of Northern Ireland found equal testing scores for cognitive, language, and motor abilities between LPIs that required intensive care and those that did not, without FTI controls, in a homogeneous population. 37 Gurka et al reported no differences between LPIs and FTIs in cognitive, achievement, behavioral/emotional, or social disability at 15 years of age.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 65%

Late Preterm Infants and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at Kindergarten

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Late preterm infants (LPIs) (gestation 34 weeks and 0 days to 36 weeks and 6 days) compared with full-term infants (FTIs) are at increased risk for mortality and short-and long-term morbidity. The objective of this study was to assess the neurodevelopmental outcomes in a longitudinal cohort study of LPIs from infancy to school age and determine predictive values of earlier developmental testing compared with school-age testing. METHODS:We used general estimating equations to calculate the odds of school readiness in a nationally representative cohort of 4900 full-term and 950 late preterm infants. We generated positive and negative predictive values of the ability of the 24-month Mental Developmental Index (MDI) scores of the Bayley Short Form, Research Edition, to predict Total School Readiness Score (TSRS) at kindergarten age.RESULTS: In multivariable analysis, late preterm infants had higher odds of worse TSRSs (adjusted odds ratio 1.52 [95% confidence interval 1.06-2.18], P = .0215). The positive predictive value of a child having an MDI of ,70 at 24 months and a TSRS ,5% at kindergarten was 10.4%. The negative predictive value of having an MDI of .70 at 24 months and a TSRS .5% was 96.8%. Most infants improved score ranking over the study interval.CONCLUSIONS: LPIs continue to be delayed at kindergarten compared with FTIs. The predictive validity of having a TSRS in the bottom 5% given a MDI ,70 at 24 months was poor. A child who tested within the normal range (.85) at 24 months had an excellent chance of testing in the normal range at kindergarten. WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT:Late preterm infants, compared with full-term infants, have less proficiency in reading and math at school age, with increased need for individualized educational plans and special education services. They also have lower cognitive performance on standardized IQ exams.WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS: Late preterm infants have worse outcomes at school entry, and development is variable during the preschool years, so socioeconomic status, language spoken in the home, maternal education, maternal race, and being a late preterm infant have a large impact.

show abstract

“…9 Infants born at 37 to 38 weeks' gestation have been shown to have an increased risk for readmission for jaundice previously 10 ; however, the impact of early discharge on these infants has not been investigated. An increasing amount of research about early term infants has shown these infants have more neonatal morbidity, 20 poorer long-term general health, 21 higher health service use and costs, 13 and poorer educational results 22 than infants born at 39 to 41 weeks' gestation.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Early Discharge of Infants and Risk of Readmission for Jaundice

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between early discharge from hospital after birth and readmission to hospital for jaundice among term infants, and among infants discharged early, to investigate the perinatal risk factors for readmission for jaundice.METHODS: Birth data for 781 074 term live-born infants born in New South Wales, Australia from 2001 to 2010 were linked to hospital admission data. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the association between postnatal length of stay (LOS), gestational age (GA), and readmission for jaundice in the first 14 days of life. Other significant perinatal risk factors associated with readmission for jaundice were examined for infants discharged in the first 2 days after birth.RESULTS: Eight per 1000 term infants were readmitted for jaundice. Infants born at 37 weeks' GA with an LOS at birth of 0 to 2 days were over 9 times (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 9.43; 95% CI, and at 38 weeks' GA were 4 times (aOR 4.05; 95% CI, 3.62-4.54) more likely to be readmitted for jaundice compared with infants born at 39 weeks' GA with an LOS of 3 to 4 days. Other significant risk factors for readmission for jaundice for infants discharged 0 to 2 days after birth included vaginal birth, born to mothers from an Asian country, born to first-time mothers, or being breastfed at discharge.CONCLUSIONS: This study can inform guidelines or policy about identifying infants at risk for readmission for jaundice and ensure that appropriate post-discharge follow-up is received.WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Studies examining early postnatal discharge and readmission for jaundice report conflicting results. Infants born 37 to 38 weeks' gestation have an increased risk for readmission for jaundice; however, the impact of early discharge on this group has not been investigated. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:Early postnatal discharge was significantly associated with readmission for jaundice. Of the infants discharged early, those born 37 to 38 weeks' gestation, born via vaginal delivery, born to Asian mothers, or were breastfed had the greatest risk for readmission. Dr Lain participated in the study design, took primary responsibility of the data analysis, and drafted the initial manuscript; Associate Professor Roberts participated in the study design and data analysis and interpretation, and reviewed and revised manuscript; Dr Bowen participated in interpretation of the data and revision of manuscript for important clinical content; Associate Professor Nassar participated in the study design and data analysis and interpretation, and reviewed and revised manuscript; and all authors approved the final manuscript as submitted. The length of stay (LOS) in hospital after the birth of a child has been a controversial topic over the past few decades. A Cochrane Review found early postnatal discharge, defined as earlier than standard care, to have no adverse effects on breastfeeding and maternal depression when accompanied by a policy of nursing/midwifery home visits. However, they reported more re...

show abstract

Early term and late preterm birth are associated with poorer school performance at age 5 years: a cohort study

Abstract: Late preterm and early term birth are associated with an increased risk of poorer educational achievement at age 5 years.

Cited by 205 publications

References 38 publications

Antenatal management of gestational diabetes mellitus can improve neonatal outcomes

Antenatal management of gestational diabetes mellitus can improve neonatal outcomes

Late Preterm Infants and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes at Kindergarten

Early Discharge of Infants and Risk of Readmission for Jaundice

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About