Early T Cell and Binding Antibody Responses are Associated with COVID-19 RNA Vaccine Efficacy Onset

Kalimuddin, Shirin; Tham, Christine Y.L.; Qui, Martin; Alwis, Ruklanthi de; Sim, Jean Xiang Ying; Lim, Joey Ming Er; Tan, Hwee-Cheng; Syenina, Ayesa; Zhang, Summer L.; Bert, Nina Le; Tan, Anthony T.; Leong, Yan Shan; Yee, Jia Xin; Ong, Eugenia Z.; Ooi, Eng Eong; Bertoletti, Antonio; Low, Jenny

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3796533

Cited by 3 publications

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Differential effects of the second SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine dose on T cell immunity in naïve and COVID-19 recovered individuals

Cámara

Lozano‐Ojalvo

López‐Granados

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The rapid development and deployment of mRNA-based vaccines against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to the design of accelerated vaccination schedules that have been extremely effective in naive individuals. While a two-dose immunization regimen with the BNT162b2 vaccine has been demonstrated to provide a 95% efficacy in naive individuals, the effects of the second vaccine dose in individuals who have previously recovered from natural SARS-CoV-2 infection has been questioned. Here we characterized SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific humoral and cellular immunity in naive and previously infected individuals during full BNT162b2 vaccination. Our results demonstrate that the second dose increases both the humoral and cellular immunity in naive individuals. On the contrary, the second BNT162b2 vaccine dose results in a reduction of cellular immunity in COVID-19 recovered individuals, which suggests that a second dose, according to the current standard regimen of vaccination, may be not necessary in individuals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2.

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Differential effects of the second SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine dose on T cell immunity in naïve and COVID-19 recovered individuals

Cámara

Lozano‐Ojalvo

López‐Granados

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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Spatially distributed infection increases viral load in a computational model of SARS-CoV-2 lung infection

Moses

Hofmeyr

Cannon

et al. 2021

Preprint

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A key question in SARS-CoV-2 infection is why viral loads and patient outcomes vary dramatically across individuals. Because spatial-temporal dynamics of viral spread and immune response are challenging to study in vivo, we developed Spatial Immune Model of Coronavirus (SIMCoV), a scalable computational model that simulates billions of lung cells, including respiratory epithelial cells and T cells. SIMCoV replicates viral growth dynamics observed in patients and shows that spatially dispersed infections lead to increased viral loads. The model shows how the timing and strength of the T cell response can affect viral persistence, oscillations, and control. When the branching airway structure is explicitly represented, we find that virus spreads faster than in a 2D layer of epithelial cells, but much more slowly than in an undifferentiated 3D grid or in a well-mixed ODE model. These results illustrate how realistic spatially explicit computational models can improve understanding of within-host dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

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Immune Evasion of SARS-CoV-2 Emerging Variants: What Have We Learnt So Far?

Lazarević

Pravica

Miljanovic

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Despite the slow evolutionary rate of SARS-CoV-2 relative to other RNA viruses, its massive and rapid transmission during the COVID-19 pandemic has enabled it to acquire significant genetic diversity since it first entered the human population. This led to the emergence of numerous variants, some of them recently being labeled “variants of concern” (VOC), due to their potential impact on transmission, morbidity/mortality, and the evasion of neutralization by antibodies elicited by infection, vaccination, or therapeutic application. The potential to evade neutralization is the result of diversity of the target epitopes generated by the accumulation of mutations in the spike protein. While three globally recognized VOCs (Alpha or B.1.1.7, Beta or B.1.351, and Gamma or P.1) remain sensitive to neutralization albeit at reduced levels by the sera of convalescent individuals and recipients of several anti-COVID19 vaccines, the effect of spike variability is much more evident on the neutralization capacity of monoclonal antibodies. The newly recognized VOC Delta or lineage B.1.617.2, as well as locally accepted VOCs (Epsilon or B.1.427/29-US and B1.1.7 with the E484K-UK) are indicating the necessity of close monitoring of new variants on a global level. The VOCs characteristics, their mutational patterns, and the role mutations play in immune evasion are summarized in this review.

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Early T Cell and Binding Antibody Responses are Associated with COVID-19 RNA Vaccine Efficacy Onset

Cited by 3 publications

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Differential effects of the second SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine dose on T cell immunity in naïve and COVID-19 recovered individuals

Differential effects of the second SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine dose on T cell immunity in naïve and COVID-19 recovered individuals

Spatially distributed infection increases viral load in a computational model of SARS-CoV-2 lung infection

Immune Evasion of SARS-CoV-2 Emerging Variants: What Have We Learnt So Far?

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