Differential effects of the second SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine dose on T cell immunity in naïve and COVID-19 recovered individuals

Cámara, Carmen; Lozano‐Ojalvo, Daniel; López‐Granados, Eduardo; Paz‐Artal, Estela; Pion, Marjorie; Correa‐Rocha, Rafael; Ortíz, Alberto; López‐Hoyos, Marcos; Iribarren, Marta Erro; Pórtoles, José; Pérez‐Olmeda, Mayte; Oteo, Jesús; Berin, Cecilia; Guccione, Ernesto; Bertoletti, Antonio; Ochando, Jordi

doi:10.1101/2021.03.22.436441

Cited by 21 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 13 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Our study provides evidence for an early, stronger and more durable immune response in Covid-19 experienced HCWs vs. naïve HCWs after vaccination with the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine. An early and strong response of a similar order of magnitude has been described after the first dose of the vaccine in previous studies in experienced individuals 4,5,6,7,8,9 . It is important to note that this early and strong response was also shown by experienced HCWs who were negative for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies prior to receiving the first dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Influence of past infection with SARS-CoV-2 on the response to the BioTech/Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in health care workers: kinetics and durability of the humoral response

Ontañón

Blas

Cabo

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 have provided an invaluable resource in the fight against this infection. Given the current vaccine shortage, vaccination programs must prioritize their distribution to the most appropriate segments of the population. Methods: We carried out a prospective cohort study with 63 health care workers (HCWs) from a public General Hospital. We compared antibody responses to two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 vaccine between HCWs with laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection before vaccination (experienced HCWs) and HCWs who were not previously infected (naive HCWs). Results: Seven days after the first vaccine dose HCWs with previous infection experienced a 126 fold increase in antibody levels (GMC 26955 AU; 95% CI 18785-35125). However, in the HCW naive group the response was much lower and only 5 of them showed positive antibody levels (>50 AU). The HCWs with previous infection did not significantly increased their antibody levels after the second dose while there was a significant increase in the naive HCW group (16 fold; GMC 20227 AU; 95% CI: 15179-25275). Approximately two months after completing vaccination, the level of antibodies was much lower in naive HCWs (GMC 6595 AU vs. 25003 AU; p<0.001) Conclusion: The study shows that 10 months after the disease has passed, the immune system is capable of producing a rapid and powerful secondary antibody response after one single dose of the vaccine. This response reflects the persistence of immunological memory and it is independent of whether or not anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are detected in blood. Besides, we found that the second dose does not improve the antibody response in individuals with previous Covid-19 infection. Nonetheless, two months later, the persistence of antibody levels is still higher in the experienced HCWs. These data suggest that immune memory remains for a long time in recovered individuals, and therefore, vaccination in this group could be postponed until immunization of the rest of the population is complete.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 76%

Influence of past infection with SARS-CoV-2 on the response to the BioTech/Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in health care workers: kinetics and durability of the humoral response

Ontañón

Blas

Cabo

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Moreover, in contrast to controls, a decrease in the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 S-reactive IFN-g T cells, most notably CD4 þ T cells, was noticed in post-vaccination specimens from most nursing-home residents, regardless of their SARS-CoV-2 infection status. Interpreting the T-cell response data presented herein is confounded by difficulty in ascertaining the true infection status of participants, regarding which a differential effect of the second Comirnaty dose on T-and B-cell immunity was reported in COVID-19-naïve and recovered individuals, with the latter exhibiting poorer responses [16,17], perhaps due to the development of immunological anergy. These observations [16,17], if confirmed, would lend support to the use of a single booster dose for previously infected individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Interpreting the T-cell response data presented herein is confounded by difficulty in ascertaining the true infection status of participants, regarding which a differential effect of the second Comirnaty dose on T-and B-cell immunity was reported in COVID-19-naïve and recovered individuals, with the latter exhibiting poorer responses [16,17], perhaps due to the development of immunological anergy. These observations [16,17], if confirmed, would lend support to the use of a single booster dose for previously infected individuals. In effect, functional SARS-CoV-2 S IFN-g T cells detected in prevaccination specimens may well have been seasonal coronavirus cross-reactive T cells (see [18] for a review).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

B- and T-cell immune responses elicited by the Comirnaty® COVID-19 vaccine in nursing-home residents

Torres

Albert

Giménez

et al. 2021

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives: The immunogenicity of the Comirnaty® vaccine against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not been adequately studied in elderly people with comorbidities. We assessed antibody and T-cell responses targeted to the S protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) following full vaccination in nursing-home residents. Methods: Sixty nursing-home residents (44 female, age 53e100 years), of whom ten had previously been diagnosed with COVID-19, and 18 healthy controls (15 female, age 27e54 years) were recruited. Pre-and post-vaccination blood specimens were available for quantification of total antibodies binding the SARS-CoV-2 S protein and for enumeration of SARS-CoV-2 S-reactive IFN-g CD4 þ and CD8 þ T cells by flow cytometry. Results: The seroconversion rate in (presumably) SARS-CoV-2-naïve nursing-home residents (41/43, 95.3%) was similar to that in controls (17/18, 94.4%). A booster effect was documented in post-vaccination samples of nursing-home residents with prior COVID-19. Plasma antibody levels were higher (p < 0.01) in recovered nursing-home residents (all 2500 IU/mL) than in individuals across the other two groups (median 1120 IU/mL in naïve nursing-home residents and 2211 IU/ml in controls). A large percentage of nursing-home residents had SARS-CoV-2 S-reactive IFN-g CD8 þ (naïve 31/49, 63.2%; recovered 8/10, 80%) or CD4 þ T cells (naïve 35/49, 71.4%; recovered 7/10, 70%) at baseline, in contrast to healthy controls (3/17, 17.6% and 5/17, 29%, respectively). SARS-CoV-2 IFN-g CD8 þ and CD4 þ T-cell responses were documented in 88% (15/17) and all control subjects after vaccination, respectively, but only in 65.5% (38/ 58) and 22.4% (13/58) of nursing-home residents. Overall, the median frequency of SARS-CoV-2 IFN-g CD8 þ and CD4 þ T cells in nursing-home residents decreased in post-vaccination specimens, whereas it increased in controls. Conclusion:The Comirnaty COVID-19 vaccine elicits robust SARS-CoV-2 S antibody responses in nursinghome residents. Nevertheless, the rate and frequency of detectable SARS-CoV-2 IFN-g T-cell responses after vaccination was lower in nursing-home residents than in controls.

show abstract

“…Earlier phase III trials and more recent studies have demonstrated that both mRNAbased vaccines induce a strong anti-S IgG humoral response and promote the generation of S-specific memory T and B cells after the two-dose regimen [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] . Among the different antibodies induced upon vaccination, the ones that specifically recognize the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the viral S protein are particularly relevant as they mirror the neutralizing capacity of the sera 9,10 and are considered a principal surrogate of immune protection and vaccine efficacy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, recent studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 naïve individuals and individuals with prior history of infection have distinct immune responses upon mRNA vaccination. Following the first vaccine dose, COVID-19 recovered individuals show significantly higher S-and RBD-specific IgG titers, superior serum neutralization activity 7,[11][12][13] , even against SARS-CoV-2 variants 8,14,15 , and increased S protein-specific memory T and B cell responses than naïve individuals [4][5][6]14 . This enhanced response is consistent with the persistence of humoral and cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in convalescent individuals, as previously reported [16][17][18][19][20] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 naïve and recovered individuals show qualitatively different antibody responses following mRNA vaccination

Vaquero

Campos-Mata

Ramada

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

mRNA-based vaccines effectively induce protective neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent of COVID-19. The specific compositional patterns of these responses remain largely unknown. We found that SARS-CoV-2-naïve individuals receiving the first dose of an mRNA vaccine developed a SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody response with a subclass profile comparable to that induced by the natural infection, except IgA2, which did not increase. SARS-CoV-2-naïve subjects also mounted a robust virus-specific recall response after receiving the second dose. This response increased all IgG subclasses, but boosted neither IgM nor IgA1 and IgA2 subclasses. In contrast, individuals recovered from COVID-19 mounted peak virus-specific antibody responses upon primary immunization and did not further augment such responses following secondary immunization. Remarkably, compared to SARS-CoV-2-naïve subjects, individuals with pre-existing immunity showed increased levels of all virus-specific antibodies but IgG3 following primary vaccination. By dissecting the heterogeneity of mRNA vaccine-induced humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2, our findings indicate that the induction of optimal immune protection may require the development of personalized vaccination programs.

show abstract

Differential effects of the second SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine dose on T cell immunity in naïve and COVID-19 recovered individuals

Cited by 21 publications

References 13 publications

Influence of past infection with SARS-CoV-2 on the response to the BioTech/Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in health care workers: kinetics and durability of the humoral response

Influence of past infection with SARS-CoV-2 on the response to the BioTech/Pfizer BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in health care workers: kinetics and durability of the humoral response

B- and T-cell immune responses elicited by the Comirnaty® COVID-19 vaccine in nursing-home residents

SARS-CoV-2 naïve and recovered individuals show qualitatively different antibody responses following mRNA vaccination

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About