Early stages of septoria tritici blotch epidemics of winter wheat: build‐up, overseasoning, and release of primary inoculum

Suffert, Frédéric; Sache, Ivan; Lannou, Christian

doi:10.1111/j.1365-3059.2010.02369.x

Cited by 120 publications

(115 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…This can result in a smaller pathogen population size on the crop with a lower survival probability during the off season (Suffert et al. ) and a lower evolutionary potential (Zhan et al. ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop pathogen emergence and evolution in agro‐ecological landscapes

Papaïx

Burdon

Zhan

et al. 2015

Evolutionary Applications

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Remnant areas hosting natural vegetation in agricultural landscapes can impact the disease epidemiology and evolutionary dynamics of crop pathogens. However, the potential consequences for crop diseases of the composition, the spatial configuration and the persistence time of the agro-ecological interface – the area where crops and remnant vegetation are in contact – have been poorly studied. Here, we develop a demographic–genetic simulation model to study how the spatial and temporal distribution of remnant wild vegetation patches embedded in an agricultural landscape can drive the emergence of a crop pathogen and its subsequent specialization on the crop host. We found that landscape structures that promoted larger pathogen populations on the wild host facilitated the emergence of a crop pathogen, but such landscape structures also reduced the potential for the pathogen population to adapt to the crop. In addition, the evolutionary trajectory of the pathogen population was determined by interactions between the factors describing the landscape structure and those describing the pathogen life histories. Our study contributes to a better understanding of how the shift of land-use patterns in agricultural landscapes might influence crop diseases to provide predictive tools to evaluate management practices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop pathogen emergence and evolution in agro‐ecological landscapes

Papaïx

Burdon

Zhan

et al. 2015

Evolutionary Applications

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“…1). Winddispersed sexual ascospores, produced on wheat debris mainly during the intercrop period, initiate subsequent epidemics (19). Due to its very active sexual cycle, Z. tritici is considered a rapidly evolving pathogen with high genomic plasticity and genetic diversity, which is usually distributed on a fine spatial scale within a field (20)(21)(22).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal Changes Drive Short-Term Selection for Fitness Traits in the Wheat Pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici

Suffert

Ravigné

Sache

2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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cIn a cross-infection experiment, we investigated how seasonal changes can affect adaptation patterns in a Zymoseptoria tritici population. The fitness of isolates sampled on wheat leaves at the beginning and at the end of a field epidemic was assessed under environmental conditions (temperature and host stage) to which the local pathogen population was successively exposed. Isolates of the final population were more aggressive, and showed greater sporulation intensity under winter conditions and a shorter latency period (earlier sporulation) under spring conditions, than isolates of the initial population. These differences, complemented by lower between-genotype variability in the final population, exhibited an adaptation pattern with three striking features: (i) the pathogen responded synchronously to temperature and host stage conditions; (ii) the adaptation concerned two key fitness traits; (iii) adaptation to one trait (greater sporulation intensity) was expressed under winter conditions while, subsequently, adaptation to the other trait (shorter latency period) was expressed under spring conditions. This can be interpreted as the result of short-term selection, driven by abiotic and biotic factors. This case study cannot yet be generalized but suggests that seasonality may play an important role in shaping the variability of fitness traits. These results further raise the question of possible counterselection during the interepidemic period. While we did not find any trade-off between clonal multiplication on leaves during the epidemic period and clonal spore production on debris, we suggest that final populations could be counterselected by an Allee effect, mitigating the potential impact of seasonal selection on long-term dynamics.T hermal variation, including seasonal fluctuations and also climate change, appears to be one of the main drivers of the predicted change in plant disease distributions (1-3). The adaptive response of plant pathogens to thermal variations may involve the movement of pathogen populations, as well as phenotypic plasticity and selection, so that full characterization requires extensive measurements of fitness traits under various environmental conditions. How the seasonality of disease development (e.g., the duration of the epidemic and interepidemic periods, through modifications of the biotic and abiotic environment) will be modified by climate change is a question increasingly addressed in the literature (4-6). In contrast, how seasonal climate variation within a year currently affects the dynamics of pathogen populations has received less attention. However, this knowledge would be very useful for characterizing the potential effects of warming on future population dynamics. Indeed, the effects of seasonal variation are measurable at this time and offer very interesting prospects for experimentation. Investigation of such current effects of seasonality is particularly interesting because they might induce shortterm selection in the fitness traits of pathogen populations that...

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“…Schröt.) (Quaedvlieg et al, 2011), is an important wheat disease in several regions of the world, including Europe, Mediterranean region, South America, USA, and parts of Australia (Eyal et al, 1973;Schluter and Janati, 1976;Eyal et al, 1987;Polley and Thomas, 1991;Loughman and Thomas, 1992;Hardwick et al, 2001;Suffert et al, 2011). High relative humidity, frequent rains, and moderate temperatures are critical for disease development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating grain yield losses caused by septoria leaf blotch on durum wheat in Tunisia

Berraies

Gharbi

Rezgui

et al. 2014

Chilean J. Agric. Res.

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Septoria leaf blotch (SLB), caused by Zymoseptoria tritici (Desm.) Quaedvlieg & Crous, 2011 (teleomorph: Mycosphaerella graminicola (Fuckel) J. Schröt.), is an important wheat disease in the Mediterranean region. In Tunisia, SLB has become a major disease of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. subsp. durum [Desf.] Husn.) particularly during favorable growing seasons where significant yield losses and increase of fungicides use were recorded over the last three decades. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of SLB severity on grain yield of new elite durum wheat breeding lines and to measure the relative effect of fungicide control on grain yield. Experiments were conducted during 2007-2008 and 2008-2009 cropping seasons. A set of 800 breeding lines were screened for reaction to SLB under natural infection at Béja research station. To estimate the disease effect, correlation between disease severity at early grain filling stage and grain yield was performed. Results showed that susceptible varieties yield was significantly reduced by SLB. Average yield reduction was as high as 384 and 325 kg ha -1 for every increment in disease severity on a 0-9 scale in both seasons, respectively. A negative correlation coefficient varied between -0.61 and -0.66 in both seasons. Treated and untreated trials conducted during 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 showed that yield of treated plots increased by 50% on the commonly cultivated susceptible varieties. The results of this investigation suggested that septoria incidence is related to large grain yield losses particularly on susceptible high yielding cultivars. However, appropriate fungicide application at booting growth stage could be beneficial for farmers. The development and use of more effective fungicide could be sought to alleviate the disease effects and therefore could be considered as a part of the integrated pest management and responsible use strategy on septoria leaf blotch in Tunisia.

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Early stages of septoria tritici blotch epidemics of winter wheat: build‐up, overseasoning, and release of primary inoculum

Cited by 120 publications

References 64 publications

Crop pathogen emergence and evolution in agro‐ecological landscapes

Crop pathogen emergence and evolution in agro‐ecological landscapes

Seasonal Changes Drive Short-Term Selection for Fitness Traits in the Wheat Pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici

Estimating grain yield losses caused by septoria leaf blotch on durum wheat in Tunisia

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