Early proterozoic Cu(Au) and Fe ore deposits associated with regional NaCl metasomatism in northern Fennoscandia

Frietsch, Rudyard; Tuisku, Pekka; Martinsson, Olof; Perdahl, Jan-Anders

doi:10.1016/s0169-1368(96)00013-3

Cited by 98 publications

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References 68 publications

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“…The goodness of this choice, to partially fill Z-site with Fe 3+ , is confirmed by the good negative trend Fe 3+ vs. Al tot (Frietsch et al 1997) of Fig. 4; the excellent negative trend of Fig.…”

Section: Mineral Chemistry Data and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

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An Unusual Tourmaline Composition From Sithonia Peninsula (Northern Greece)

et al. 2007

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Section: Mineral Chemistry Data and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…Using formula the number of Mg atoms at Y site has been calculated; Ζ site has been saturated to 6.000 apfu with any remaining Mg ions and Fe considered as Fe 3+ (Frietsch et al 1997). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Unusual Tourmaline Composition From Sithonia Peninsula (Northern Greece)

et al. 2007

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“…Syenite and carbonatite dikes with strong albitization are widespread in the KSB. Albitization are related to late magmatic and metamorphic hydrothermal processes [55][56][57][58].…”

Section: The Mäkärä Vaulo Area In the Tana Beltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geology and Mineralogy of Rare Earth Elements Deposits and Occurrences in Finland

et al. 2018

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Rare earth elements (REE) have critical importance in the manufacturing of many electronic products in the high-tech and green-tech industries. Currently, mining and processing of REE is strongly concentrated in China. A substantial growth in global exploration for REE deposits has taken place in the recent years and has resulted in considerable advances in defining new resources. This study provides an overview of the mineralogical and petrological peculiarities of the most important REE prospects and metallogeny of REE in Finland. There is a particularly good potential for future discoveries of carbonatite hosted REE deposits in the Paleozoic Sokli carbonatite complex, as well as in the Paleoproterozoic Korsnäs and Kortejärvi Laivajoki areas. This review also provides information about the highest known REE concentration in the alkaline intrusions of Finland in the Tana Belt and other alkaline rock hosted occurrences (e.g., Otanmäki and Katajakangas). Significant REE enrichments in hydrothermal alteration zones are also known in the Kuusamo Belt (Uuniniemi and Honkilehto), and occurrences of REE-rich mineralisation are also present in granite pegmatite bodies and greisens in central and southern Finland (Kovela monazite granite and the Rapakivi Granite batholith at Vyborg, respectively). REE minerals in all of the localities listed above were identified and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron microprobes (EMPs). In localities of northern and central Finland, both primary rock forming and epigenetic-hydrothermal REE minerals were found, namely phosphates (monazite-Ce, xenotime-Y), fluorcarbonates (bastnäsite-Ce, synchysite), and hydrated carbonates (ancylite-Ce), hydrated aluminium silicates (allanite-Ce, Fe-allanite, cerite, chevkinite), oxides (fergusonite, euxenite) and U-Pb rich minerals. The chondrite normalized REE concentrations, the La/Nd ratios and the REE vs. major element contents in several types of REE bearing minerals from prospects in Finland can be used to identify and define variable REE fractionation processes (carbonatites), as well as to discriminate deposits of different origins.

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“…Regional-scale metasomatism is a widely recognized phenomenon in a number of rock types and tectonic settings [6,7]. Metasomatism is an important guide to hydrothermal ore deposits and represents a characteristic feature of many orogenic gold deposits, iron oxide-apatite (IOA), iron oxide-Cu-Au (IOCG), and U deposits [6,[8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic Metasomatism: Stable Isotopes, Fluid Evolution, and Deformation of Albitite and Scapolite Metagabbro (Bamble Lithotectonic Domain, South Norway)

et al. 2018

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New stable isotopic data from mineral separates of albite, scapolite, amphibole, quartz, and calcite of metasomatic rocks (Bamble lithotectonic domain) give increased knowledge on fluid type, source, and evolution during metamorphism. Albite from a variety of albitites gives18 O SMOW values of 5.1-11.1‰, while quartz from clinopyroxene-bearing albitite gives 11.5-11.6‰. 18 O SMOW values for calcite samples varies between 3.4 and 12.4‰ and shows more consistent 13 C values of −4.6 to −6.0‰. Amphibole from scapolite metagabbro yields a 18 O SMOW value of 4.3 to 6.7‰ and D SMOW value of −84 to −50‰, while the scapolite gives 18 O SMOW values in the range of 7.4 to 10.6‰. These results support the interpretation that the original magmatic rocks were metasomatised by seawater solutions with a possible involvement from magmatic fluids. Scapolitisation and albitisation led to contrasting chemical evolution with respect to elements like P, Ti, V, Fe, and halogens. The halogens deposited as Cl-scapolite were dissolved by albitisation fluid and reused as a ligand for metal transport. Many of the metal deposits in the Bamble lithotectonic domain, including Fe-ores, rutile, and apatite deposits formed during metasomatism. Brittle to ductile deformation concurrent with metasomatic infiltration illustrates the dynamics and importance of metasomatic processes during crustal evolution.

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Early proterozoic Cu(Au) and Fe ore deposits associated with regional NaCl metasomatism in northern Fennoscandia

Cited by 98 publications

References 68 publications

An Unusual Tourmaline Composition From Sithonia Peninsula (Northern Greece)

An Unusual Tourmaline Composition From Sithonia Peninsula (Northern Greece)

Geology and Mineralogy of Rare Earth Elements Deposits and Occurrences in Finland

Dynamic Metasomatism: Stable Isotopes, Fluid Evolution, and Deformation of Albitite and Scapolite Metagabbro (Bamble Lithotectonic Domain, South Norway)

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