Early processing of orthographic language membership information in bilingual visual word recognition: Evidence from ERPs

Hoversten, Liv J.; Swaab, Tamara Y.; Traxler, Matthew J.

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2017.07.026

Cited by 18 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…400 pseudowords were created using Wuggy (Keuleers & Brysbaert, 2010), including 56 from Experiment 1. Pseudowords were matched pairwise to each critical word on length and orthographic bias (Hoversten et al, 2017) so that each set of translation pairs was paired with two pseudowords. This manipulation allowed us to test whether orthographic bias alone would drive skipping differences between non-switch and code switch conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We then used the Wuggy software program (Keuleers & Brysbaert, 2010) to create 61 pseudowords that were pronounceable in either language and length-matched to the word pairs. These pseudowords did not resemble either language more strongly according to their mean bigram frequency in each language (see Hoversten et al, 2017 for further explanation of this measure).…”

Section: Stimulimentioning

confidence: 97%

“…We created these extended versions in order to equate the difficulty of items across languages for a more direct comparison between English and Spanish proficiency in our participants (see alsoHoversten, Brothers, Swaab, & Traxler, 2017).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zooming in on zooming out: Partial selectivity and dynamic tuning of bilingual language control during reading

Hoversten

Traxler

2020

Cognition

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Prominent models of bilingual visual word recognition posit a bottom-up nonselective view of lexical processing with parallel access to lexical candidates of both languages. However, these accounts do not accommodate recent findings of top-down effects on the relative global activation level of each language during bilingual reading. We conducted two eye-tracking experiments to systematically assess the degree of accessibility of each language in different global language contexts. When critical words were presented overtly in Experiment 1, code switches disrupted reading early during lexical processing, but not as much as pseudowords did. Participants zoomed out of the target language with increasing exposure to language switches. In Experiment 2, a monolingual language context was created by presenting critical words covertly as parafoveal previews. Here, code-switched words were treated like pseudowords, and participants remained zoomed in to the target language throughout the experiment. Switch direction analyses confirmed and extended these interpretations to provide further support for the role of global language control on lexical access, above and beyond effects due to proficiency differences across languages. Together, these data provide strong evidence for dynamic topdown adjustment of the degree of language selectivity during bilingual reading.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Stimulimentioning

confidence: 97%

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Zooming in on zooming out: Partial selectivity and dynamic tuning of bilingual language control during reading

Hoversten

Traxler

2020

Cognition

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“…The detection of orthotactic patterns is influenced by participants' sensitivity to statistical regularities within languages. So far, the evidence from previous studies suggests that language detection mechanisms are highly sensitive to violations of sub-lexical orthographic regularities of the native language [33][34][35]37,40,41,55], but not of the second language [37,38,40]. In other words, detecting L1 marked words is more difficult than detecting L2 marked words.…”

Section: Orthotactic Phonotactic and Feature Language Nodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Orthotactics in Language Switching: An ERP Investigation Using Masked Language Priming

2019

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It is commonly accepted that bilinguals access lexical representations from their two languages during language comprehension, even when they operate in a single language context. Language detection mechanisms are, thus, hypothesized to operate after the stage of lexical access during visual word recognition. However, recent studies showed reduced cross-language activation when sub-lexical properties of words are specific to one of the bilingual’s two languages, hinting at the fact that language selection may start before the stage of lexical access. Here, we tested highly fluent Spanish–Basque and Spanish–English bilinguals in a masked language priming paradigm in which first language (L1) target words are primed by unconsciously perceived L1 or second language (L2) words. Critically, L2 primes were either orthotactically legal or illegal in L1. Results showed automatic language detection effects only for orthotactically marked L2 primes and within the timeframe of the N250, an index of sub-lexical-to-lexical integration. Marked L2 primes also affected the processing of L1 targets at the stage of conceptual processing, but only in bilinguals whose languages are transparent. We conclude that automatic and unconscious language detection mechanisms can operate at sub-lexical levels of processing. In the absence of sub-lexical language cues, unconsciously perceived primes in the irrelevant language might not automatically trigger post-lexical language identification, thereby resulting in the lack of observable language switching effects.

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“…According to Wijers et al (1987), the higher visual load would make N1 amplitude more negative [33]. Hoversten et al (2011) focused on early visual processing of users and showed that early visual processing would be affected by low-priority perceptive attributes, and at low attention, high-density images would induce more negative N1 amplitude of users [34]. Therefore, it was speculated that the insignificance of N1 amplitude between high and low perceptual experiences in this experiment might be caused by the differences in the complexity of the interfaces.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying Event-Related Potentials to Measure Perceptual Experience toward the Navigation Interface of a Mobile Game for Improving the Design

et al. 2019

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High-level user experience has become the key factor that one game can be successful in the game market. The home page of mobile games, especially the design of the navigation interface, has a significant impact on users’ initial experience, which is an important determent to users’ preferences and purchase decision. Hence, measuring users’ perceptual experiences of the navigation interface can help designers understand real demands from users. Previous studies primarily used self-report scales or interviews to measure gamers’ perceptual experiences. However, it may not reflect gamers’ real perceptions that they are feeling as most of time the feeling is short-lived and implicit. To fill this gap, the current study attempted to combine subjective evaluation with event-related potentials (ERP) to objectively measure gamers’ perceptual experience evoked by the navigation interface of the mobile game. The navigation interfaces of mobile games with low, medium, and high perceptual experience were developed and the ERP experiment was conducted to detect the differences in users’ electroencephalograph (EEG) components when subjects were exposed to the different design levels of navigation interface. The results showed that N1 reaction showed asymmetry in brain regions, and P2 and N2 showed symmetry, and relative to the navigation interface with low and medium perceptual experiences, the high level of navigation interface induced a larger amplitude of N2 in the anterior scalp and P2 in the frontal scalp. These EEG components can, therefore, be regarded as significant indicators reflecting gamers’ perceptions of the navigation interface. The findings benefit game companies of navigation interface designs.

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Early processing of orthographic language membership information in bilingual visual word recognition: Evidence from ERPs

Cited by 18 publications

References 38 publications

Zooming in on zooming out: Partial selectivity and dynamic tuning of bilingual language control during reading

Zooming in on zooming out: Partial selectivity and dynamic tuning of bilingual language control during reading

The Role of Orthotactics in Language Switching: An ERP Investigation Using Masked Language Priming

Applying Event-Related Potentials to Measure Perceptual Experience toward the Navigation Interface of a Mobile Game for Improving the Design

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