Early pregnancy loss and exposure to 50‐Hz magnetic fields

Juutilainen, Jukka; Matilainen, Pekka; Saarikoski, Seppo; Läärä, Esa; Suonio, S.

doi:10.1002/bem.2250140306

Cited by 74 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In epidemiologic studies indications of possible increased risks have been found at field strengths of 0.4-1.5 J.lT (59), 1 J.lT (60), or above 0.5 A im (0.6 J.lT) (61). These values agree fairly well with the experimental data suggesting a threshold of 1 A im for the effects on chick embryos (20).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Effects of low-frequency magnetic fields on embryonic development and pregnancy.

Juutilainen¹

1991

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…A case-referent study was conducted in Finland to investigate the possible association of early pregnancy field exposure (61). Eighty-nine cases and 102 referents were obtained from the data of an earlier study aimed at investigating the incidence of early pregnancy loss in a group of women attempting to get pregnant.…”

Section: Epidemiologic Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of low-frequency magnetic fields on embryonic development and pregnancy.

Juutilainen¹

1991

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…Juutilainen et al [9] showed that women with early pregnancy losses (subclinical) were more likely to live in residences with strong 50-Hz magnetic fields than were woman with normal pregnancies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fifty-Hertz Magnetic Field Exposures of Premature Infants in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Aasen¹,

Johnsson²,

Bratlid

et al. 1996

Neonatology

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In this study the magnetic flux density in and around incubators of a neonatal intensive care unit was registered and mapped. The mean 50-Hz magnetic flux densities in an incubator were typically in the range of 0.2–1 μT, with maximum values around 1.5 μT. For 1 incubator, harmonics contributed to the field substantially. The field levels varied depending on the type of equipment, the positioning of the electronics and the position of the 240-volt main plugs. The positioning of the infant in the incubator and the precise mattress position in the incubator affected the magnetic flux density to a great extent, as did the positioning of the electronic monitoring and treatment equipment. The flux density values found were fairly low as compared to magnetic field levels present at some work places where high electric currents are used. In intensive care units, however, the duration of exposure can be very long, especially for premature infants. The fields can also be compared with the magnetic field levels of residences and are then approximately 100 times higher. Further studies are necessary – it seems important to record magnetic fields and attempt to reduce the levels. Such a reduction can be achieved by reducing the field from the incubators but also by changing the electronic equipment around the incubators or increasing the distance to the incubator. Further research should of course also study any mechanism by which magnetic fields can affect cells and organisms. Compared to the risks many of these infants are exposed to, it is difficult to say whether the magnetic field levels measured can represent a significant additional risk factor. However, this is an area where one should adopt a prudent avoidance strategy, particulary considering how easily these fields can be reduced, mainly through redesign of the various equipment.

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“…With regard to spontaneous abortion, high-intensity magnetic fields measured at the front doors of homes of volunteers' homes in a "work and fertility" cohort study in Finland, were associated with a marginally significant, 5-fold increased risk (based on fewer than 10 cases and adjusted only for smoking status) (195). Two later studies, Savitz and Anath (196) and Belanger et al (197), found no increase in risk of spontaneous abortion however.…”

Section: Reproductive Effectsmentioning

confidence: 97%