Effects of low-frequency magnetic fields on embryonic development and pregnancy.

As a continuation of our previous study, we performed a teratological evaluation of the importance of gestational age with regards to the exposure of 20 kHz intermediate frequency magnetic field (IF) on pregnant ICR mice. The pregnant mice were exposed to a 20 kHz IF magnetic field for 8 h/day in a carousel irradiator at 30 microT which is the limit standard for occupational population in Korea. The animals were sacrificed on the 18th day of gestation and the fetuses were examined for mortality, growth retardation, changes in head size and other morphological abnormalities. We concluded that exposure to 30 microT with 20 kHz IF did not cause any observable adverse effects on mouse fetuses.

mentioning

confidence: 51%

Teratological evaluation of mouse fetuses exposed to a 20 kHz EMF

Lee

Pack

Gimm

et al. 2009

“…Previous reviews should be consulted for a more detailed discussion of these issues [see Kavet and Banks, 1986;Marcus, 1990;Juutilainen, 1991;Chernoff et al, 1992;Hatch, 1992;Shaw and Croen, 1993;Delpizzo, 1994;Knave, 1994;Lindbohm and Hietanen, 1995;NIEHS, 1998]. In the current report, I wish to brie¯y discuss three methodologic areas that seem the most relevant for this area of research.…”

Section: Methodologic Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last two decades, the scienti®c information pertaining to this potential concern has stimulated numerous epidemiologic investigations. Many literature reviews concerning various aspects of these investigations have also appeared in the scienti®c literature [Kavet and Banks, 1986;Meyer et al, 1989;Marcus, 1990;Juutilainen, 1991;Chernoff et al, 1992;Hatch, 1992;Brent et al, 1993;Parazzini et al, 1993;Shaw and Croen, 1993;Delpizzo, 1994;Knave, 1994;Lindbohm and Hietanen, 1995;Robert, 1996;NIEHS, 1998;Huuskonen et al, 1998]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse human reproductive outcomes and electromagnetic fields: A brief summary of the epidemiologic literature

Shaw¹

2001

Power frequency ®elds are of concern as risk factors for adverse reproductive outcomes. This report brie¯y summarizes the epidemiologic evidence of potential associations between a number of adverse reproductive outcomes and parental exposures to electric and magnetic ®elds (EMFs). Over the last decade numerous reviews of the human literature regarding these potential associations have been published. These reviews, in general, have concluded that: (1) evidence is lacking for a strong association between a woman's use of a video display terminal (VDT) and fetal loss, (2) evidence is lacking for a strong association between a woman's use of a VDT and adverse reproductive outcomes other than fetal loss, primarily a result of too few available data, and (3) the paucity of data on other parental EMF exposures and subsequent adverse outcomes of pregnancy limits drawing a valid scienti®c conclusion. Since those earlier reviews appeared, the number of new investigations have been relatively small. These new studies do not substantially alter the above summary conclusions. The lack of epidemiologic data in this area, coupled with some speculations about potential biological effects associated with EMFs, raises the importance of researching this area further.

“…Based on the resorption frequencies and deviations esti-mals report no or only slight effects on pregnancy [Juutilainen, 1991]. One study, however, reported robust mated from Fro ¨len's preliminary results available when starting these experiments, 40 pregnant females per effects on fetal development.…”

Section: Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased resorptions in CBA mice exposed to low-frequency magnetic fields: An attempt to replicate earlier observations

Juutilainen

Huuskonen²,

Komulainen³

1997

This paper has two aims. First, it reports the findings of a study on the effects of low-frequency magnetic fields on reproduction. Second, it serves as an example of an attempt to replicate the results of an experimental study in an independent laboratory and discusses some of the problems of replication studies. To try to replicate the findings of a study reporting increased resorptions (fetal loss) in mice exposed to 20 kHz magnetic fields with sawtooth waveform and to study the possible effects of 50 Hz sinusoidal fields, pregnant mice were exposed to magnetic fields from day 0 to 18 of pregnancy, 24 h per day. The flux densities of the vertical magnetic fields were 15 mT (peak-to-peak) at 20 kHz and 13 or 130 mT (root mean square) at 50 Hz. Two strains of animals were used: CBA/ S mice imported from the laboratory reporting the original observations, and a closely related strain CBA/Ca. The CBA/S mice were cleaned of pathogenic microbes and parasites before they were imported into our laboratory. The magnetic field exposures did not affect resorption rate in CBA/Ca mice. In CBA/S, the frequency of resorptions was higher in the exposed mice than in the control group. However, the increase was not significantly different from either the no-effect hypothesis or the results of the original study we were attempting to replicate. Differences between the two studies and difficulties in interpreting the results are discussed. It is concluded that the results tend more to support than argue against increased resorptions in CBA/S mice exposed to the 20 kHz magnetic field. The results demonstrate that animal strain is an important variable in bioelectromagnetics research: even closely related strains may show different responses to magnetic field exposure. Bioelectromagnetics 18:410 -417, 1997.