Early pregnancy diagnosis by palpation per rectum: Influence on embryo/fetal viability in dairy cattle

Romano, Juan E.; Thompson, James A.; Kraemer, D.C.; Westhusin, Mark; Forrest, D.W.; Tomaszweski, Michael A.

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2006.08.011

Cited by 78 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Silke et al (2002) observed embryo losses between D 28 and D 84 of gestation representing 7.2% of loss in cows and 6.1% in heifers. Several factors could account for this high rate of LEM amongst which genetic, endocrine, immunological, infectious, nutritional and environmental factors (Chebel et al, 2004, Romano et al, 2007. Each of these factors may act alone or in association/interaction with several others, their respective effects can be then amplified and consequently initiate disorders of increasing gravity (Ducrot et al, 1996).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these factors affect the rate of success after AI and the occurrence of embryonic mortalities. However, it is unclear whether the effect on the conception rate is a direct effect or a consequence of the interaction between several factors (Chebel et al, 2004;Romano et al, 2007;Demetrio et al, 2007). Concerning follicular development for example, previous studies indicate that factors such as negative energy balance may directly affect the viability of resulting oocytes (Butler, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of the Selection Criteria of Artificially Inseminated Cows on the Probability of Conception and the Occurrence of Embryonic Mortality in Senegal: Modeling Approach

Mouiche¹,

Sow²,

Kalandi³

et al. 2013

SAR

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The objective of this study was to measure the relative influence of the animal's age, body condition score (BCS), glycemia at day of insemination (D 0 ) and the livestock management system on the probability of conception and occurrence of embryonic mortalities. In this study, 81 inseminated cows both of the Gobra Zebu breed and crossbred were sampled. Blood samples were collected the day of insemination (D 0 ) and twenty-one (D 21 ) and thirty-five (D 35 ) days after AI. The BCS, the age and the livestock management system were recorded for all animals before the artificial insemination (AI). The glycemia was measured on D 0 . Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by progesterone and pregnancy associated glycoprotein assays and transrectal palpation. A multinomial logistic model was used to analyze the effect of the selection criteria for cows on the success rate of AI.The pregnancy diagnosis makes possible to detect 47% of pregnant cows and 26% of late embryonic mortality (LEM) at D 60 post AI. The maximum likelihood test carried out on the model permits to reject the null hypothesis (p < 0.0001) according to which all animals have the same chance of being pregnant (47%). The variables thus provide a significant amount of information to explain the variability in the success rate of AI. The most significant factor was age (p < 0.0001), followed by the BCS, then glycemia and finally the livestock management system (p = 0.047). The BCS is the factor that most explains the variability in pregnant cows. For the group of LEM, age of the animal accounts for variability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of the Selection Criteria of Artificially Inseminated Cows on the Probability of Conception and the Occurrence of Embryonic Mortality in Senegal: Modeling Approach

Mouiche¹,

Sow²,

Kalandi³

et al. 2013

SAR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The frequency of this pathology varies from 20 to 45 % [1][2][3][4][5] and rises with the increase in milk productivity [6][7][8] accompanied by a profound rearrangement of endocrine, metabolic and immune homeostasis. According to some papers [6,7], it can be 48-55 %.…”

Section: Cation Endocrine and Immune Insufficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathophysiological Aspects of Embryonic Mortality in Dairy Cows

Нежданов¹,

Mikhalev²,

Lozovaya³

et al. 2017

S-h. biol.

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A b s t r a c tEarly embryonic mortality and its high frequency in lactating cows are among the causes for a decrease of animal performance, reproduction, and the effectiveness of modern dairy cattle industry as a whole. The aim of this research was to reveal pathogenic significance of maternal endocrine, metabolic and immune risk factors for occurrence of this pathology. The surveys involved black-motley cows with average annual productivity of 6.4-7.6 ths. kg. Pregnancy and embryonic mortality were diagnosed on days 19 to 23, 28 to 32, and 38 to 45 after artificial insemination by transrectal ultrasound examination with the use of an ultrasonic scanner Easi-Scan-3 (Great Britain). Venous blood samples were collected during the same periods. Blood progesterone, estradiol-17β, testosterone, proteins, total immunoglobulins, circulating immune complexes, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, glucose, vitamins E and C, total calcium, inorganic phosphorus, protein-bound iodine, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, selenium, middle molecular peptides, malonic dialdehyde, alkaline phosphatase activity, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, catalase, bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum, morphological blood composition were assessed with the use of a biochemical analyzer Hitahi-902 (Japan), а spectrophotometer UV 1700 (Japan), an atomic adsorptive spectrometer Perkin Elmer-703 (USA), а hematology analyzer ABX Micros 60 (France), and spectrum analyzer Uniplan (Russia). The blood parameters were tested in 18 animals, 9 ones with physiological embryo formation (control) and 9 ones with embryo death. It was found out that embryonic death is firstly associated with an endocrine insufficiency of sex glands of the mother cows, as reflected by blood progesterone and estradiol-17β level which at various stages of gestation was lower by 12.0-43.3 % and 45.0-85.5 %, respectively, when compared to the animals of control group. Under embryonic death, the mother cows' metabolic profile was characterized by an increase in blood concentration of protein (by 3.2-5.4 %), urea (by 9.8-23.6 %), creatinine (by 10.1-13.5 %), cholesterol (by 10.9-17,1 %), middle molecular peptides (by 6.1-34.7 %). Blood alkaline phosphatase activity was higher by 12.8-36.2 %, alanine aminotransferase -by 3.6-13.2 %, aspartate aminotransferase -by 13.8-30.8 %, gamma-glutamyl transferase -by 45.4-77.5 %, and endogenous intoxication index increased by 13.0-40.0 % that was a reflection of liver and kidney insufficiency, cholestasis syndrome manifestation and endogenous intoxication. The pathology was related to the deficiency of essential bioelements, increased lipid peroxidation (LPO), decreased function of antioxidant protection (AOP) system, accumulation of LPO toxic products and oxidative stress development. Under embryo death, blood zinc concentration was 9.7-27.2 % less, copper concentration -17.6-23.3 % less, manganese -10.8-15.2 % less, selenium -16.3-29.1 % less, protein-bound iodine amount -7.3-33.4 % l...

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“…Early pregnancy diagnosis may be safely made by sensing layers of the fused chorion/allantois and the amnion slipping between your fi ngers when the uterus is gently pinched through the rectal wall (Romano et al 2007 ). As pregnancy progresses the developing fetus may be palpated with the fetus progressively increasing in size, and beginning around 90 days after mating the placentomes can be palpated.…”

Section: Determination Of Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impacts of Reproductive Technologies on Beef Production in the United States

Dahlen

Larson

Lamb

2013

Current and Future Reproductive Technologies and World Food Production

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Estimations of world population growth indicate that by the year 2050 we will reach nine billion habitants on earth. These estimates impose a tremendous challenge in the current agricultural systems as food supply will need to increase by 100 % in the next 40 years (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2009). Beef will be a primary protein source that will assist in meeting the requirements for a portion of the protein in diets of this expanding global populace. Beef is a high-quality protein that contains all essential amino acids for the human body and also contains additional essential nutrients such as iron, zinc, B vitamins, riboflavin, selenium, choline, and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Adopting reproductive technologies at greater rates than currently used is a viable method to dramatically enhance production efficiency of beef cattle enterprises.Artificial insemination (AI), estrous synchronization and fixed-time AI (TAI), semen and embryo cryopreservation, multiple ovulation and embryo transfer (MOET), in vitro fertilization, sex determination of sperm or embryos, and nuclear transfer are technologies that are used to enhance the production efficiency of beef operations. In many cases, the development of these technologies is responsible for significant changes to traditional livestock production practices. However, adoption of these technologies appears to has not grown at the same rate in the United States as other formidable beef producing nations. For example, sales of beef semen for AI increased from 3.3 to 11.9 million units between 1993 and 2011 in Brazil, whereas that in the United States has increased from 2.9 to 3.8 million units during the same period. The significant increases in adoption of reproductive technologies in developing countries is likely as a result of the development of practical estrous synchronization and TAI systems that have allowed beef producers the opportunity to eliminate detection of estrus in their AI programs with a high degree of success. In the United States, slow adoption rates of these technologies may result in a future loss of international market share of beef products as other nations take advantage not only of the additional kilogram of beef that can be produced but also the improved quality of beef that can be realized through incorporation of reproductive technologies and resultant genetic improvement. However, current difficulties the US producers have with the incorporation of applied reproductive technologies, such as TAI, MOET, and sex semen, must not be the reason to overlook and incorporate more traditional reproductive technologies such as castration, breeding season management, or weaning. In many cases, beef producers in the United States fail to incorporate these more traditional technologies, which results in a reduction in production efficiency of the US beef industry. This chapter will focus on both traditional and more developed reproductive technologies that will play a role in enhancing future production efficiencies of...

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Early pregnancy diagnosis by palpation per rectum: Influence on embryo/fetal viability in dairy cattle

Cited by 78 publications

References 30 publications

Impact of the Selection Criteria of Artificially Inseminated Cows on the Probability of Conception and the Occurrence of Embryonic Mortality in Senegal: Modeling Approach

Impact of the Selection Criteria of Artificially Inseminated Cows on the Probability of Conception and the Occurrence of Embryonic Mortality in Senegal: Modeling Approach

Pathophysiological Aspects of Embryonic Mortality in Dairy Cows

Impacts of Reproductive Technologies on Beef Production in the United States

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