Early postnatal growth and neurodevelopment in children born moderately preterm or small for gestational age at term: A systematic review

Taine, Marion; Munier, Charles; Beltrand, Jacques; Rozé, Jean Christophe; Léger, Juliane; Botton, Jérémie; Heude, Barbara

doi:10.1111/ppe.12468

Cited by 47 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…On the contrary, most of the infants categorized as overweight initially had slow weight gain. The concept of catch-up is usually related to height velocity for infants with periods of growth inhibition [51] or with catch-up fat or weight among infants born small for gestational age [52]. However, in the present study among a sample of healthy term infants with adequate birthweight, we did see a catch-up in weight gain in only four months of follow-up.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Amount, Preparation and Type of Formula Consumed and Its Association with Weight Gain in Infants Participating in the WIC Program in Hawaii and Puerto Rico

et al. 2019

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The aim of this study was to assess the association between amount (below or above recommendations), preparation (liquid vs. powder), and type (regular vs. hydrolysate) of infant formula consumed and weight in infants participating in the Women, Infant and Children (WIC) Program in Hawaii (HI) and Puerto Rico (PR). This was a secondary analysis of 162 caregivers with healthy term 0–2-month-old infants. Socio-demographics, infant food frequency questionnaires, and weight and length were assessed at baseline and after four months. Infant feeding practices were associated with weight-for-length z-scores using multivariable logistic regression. In total, 37.7% were exclusively breastfed and 27.2% were exclusively formula-fed. Among formula users, regular (63.6%) and powder (87.0%) formula were the most common; 43.2% consumed formula above recommendations. Most infants had rapid weight gain (61.1%). Infants fed regular formula had higher odds of overweight after four months (adjusted OR = 8.77, 95% CI: 1.81–42.6) and higher odds of rapid weight gain (adjusted OR = 3.10, 95% CI: 1.12, 8.61). Those exclusively formula fed had higher odds of slow weight gain (adjusted OR = 4.07, 95% CI: 1.17–14.2). Formula preparation and amount of formula were not associated with weight. These results could inform the WIC program’s nutrition education messages on infant feeding. Studies with longer follow-up are needed to confirm these results.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 80%

Amount, Preparation and Type of Formula Consumed and Its Association with Weight Gain in Infants Participating in the WIC Program in Hawaii and Puerto Rico

et al. 2019

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“…Hence, not only children born SGA, but also children born appropriate for gestational age (AGA) but preterm may experience a period of perinatal growth restriction. Rapid catch-up growth seems to promote cognitive development in children born moderate preterm, but the evidence regarding metabolic outcomes is scarce in this group 13,14 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth patterns during early childhood in children born small for gestational age and moderate preterm

Lindström

Ahlsson

Lundgren

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Today we lack knowledge if size at birth and gestational age interact regarding postnatal growth pattern in children born at 32 gestational weeks or later. This population-based cohort study comprised 41,669 children born in gestational weeks 32–40 in Uppsala County, Sweden, between 2000 and 2015. We applied a generalized least squares model including anthropometric measurements at 1.5, 3, 4 and 5 years. We calculated estimated mean height, weight and BMI for children born in week 32 + 0, 35 + 0 or 40 + 0 with birthweight 50 th percentile (standardized appropriate for gestational age, s AGA) or 3 rd percentile (standardized small for gestational age, s SGA). Compared with children born s AGA at gestational week 40 + 0, those born s AGA week 32 + 0 or 35 + 0 had comparable estimated mean height, weight and BMI after 3 years of age. Making the same comparison, those born s SGA week 32 + 0 or 35 + 0 were shorter and lighter with lower estimated mean BMI throughout the whole follow-up period. Our findings suggest that being born SGA and moderate preterm is associated with short stature and low BMI during the first five years of life. The association seemed stronger the shorter gestational age at birth.

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“…SGA infants are at a high risk of short stature as adults if they fail to achieve catch-up growth. Additionally, even SGA infants who achieve catch-up growth have an increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome, including obesity, diabetes, and hypertension [ 10 , 30 ]. Therefore, the desirable period and degree of catch-up growth that lead to the best growth outcome and health status as adults should be meticulously analyzed in future studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many infants born SGA have a high perinatal morbidity with a risk of short stature, obesity, and impaired neurocognitive www.e-apem.org development compared with infants born appropriate for gestational age (AGA). 9,10) Catch-up growth in preterm or SGA infants has been extensively studied. 11,12) However, few studies have investigated the postnatal growth patterns of infants with a birth weight in the 3rd-10th or 10th-25th percentiles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, small for gestational age (SGA) is defined as a birth weight below the 3rd or 10th percentile for the corresponding gestational age. Many infants born SGA have a high perinatal morbidity with a risk of short stature, obesity, and impaired neurocognitive development compared with infants born appropriate for gestational age (AGA) [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Growth patterns over 2 years after birth according to birth weight and length percentiles in children born preterm

Kim

Choi

Lee

et al. 2020

Ann Pediatr Endocrinol Metab

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Purpose: To analyze growth patterns over 2 years after birth according to preterm infant birth weight and length percentiles. Methods: Anthropometric measurements of 82 preterm infants were retrospectively reviewed. Preterm infants with birth weight or length below the 10th percentile were classified as small for gestational age (SGA) (n=19) and those between the 10th and 89th percentile as appropriate for gestational age (AGA) (n=63). The association between the length standard deviation score (SDS) at 2 years of corrected age and clinical factors were analyzed. Results: The length SDS of the SGA group was significantly increased at 6 months (-1.30±1.71) and 24 months (-0.97±1.06) of corrected age. The length SDS was lower in the SGA group than those in the AGA group at 6 months (-1.30±1.71 vs.-0.25±1.15, P=0.004), 18 months (-0.97±1.39 vs.-0.03±1.29, P=0.015), and 24 months (-0.97±1.06 vs.-0.29±1.12, P=0.022,). The percentage of children with a length SDS of <-2 (growth failure) at 24 months was 15.8% in the SGA group and 4.8% in the AGA group (P=0.108). Multiple linear regression analysis demonstrated that length at 24 months of corrected age was negatively correlated with birth length below the 10th percentile (coefficient β=-0.91, P=0.001) and duration of stay in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) (coefficient β=-0.01, P=0.001). Conclusion: Despite the fact that catch-up growth occurs during the early period of infancy in a large portion of preterm SGA infants, a significant portion of these infants show growth failure at 24 months of age. Growth over 2 years after birth is affected by birth length and duration of stay in the NICU in preterm children.

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Early postnatal growth and neurodevelopment in children born moderately preterm or small for gestational age at term: A systematic review

Abstract: A positive association was generally found between EPG and neurodevelopmental outcome for individuals born MP or SGAT. Strategies for future epidemiological studies are suggested to improve the characterisation of this relationship.

Cited by 47 publications

References 58 publications

Amount, Preparation and Type of Formula Consumed and Its Association with Weight Gain in Infants Participating in the WIC Program in Hawaii and Puerto Rico

Amount, Preparation and Type of Formula Consumed and Its Association with Weight Gain in Infants Participating in the WIC Program in Hawaii and Puerto Rico

Growth patterns during early childhood in children born small for gestational age and moderate preterm

Growth patterns over 2 years after birth according to birth weight and length percentiles in children born preterm

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