Early Planting and Early Nitrogen Application Increase Stem Total Digestible Nutrient Concentration and Yield of Forage Rice in Southwestern Japan

Nakano, Hiroshi; Hattori, Ikuo; Sato, Kenzi; Morita, Satoshi

doi:10.1626/pps.14.169

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In 2009 forage rice was grown for WCS on more than 10,000 ha, half of which was in southwestern Japan where the prosperous livestock industry requires large quantities of forage (Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries, 2010). Previous studies have examined the effects of cultivation treatments on DM yield (Nakano and Morita, 2007, 2008, 2009; Nakano et al, 2008, 2009b) and TDN yield (Nakano et al, 2009a, 2010, 2011a, 2011b) to develop an appropriate cultivation system that will produce high DM yield and TDN yields from the forage rice used to provide WCS. However, an optimal system for the forage rice used to provide concentrated nutrition has not yet been developed.…”

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confidence: 99%

Grain Yield Response to Planting Density in Forage Rice with a Large Number of Spikelets

et al. 2012

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Because forage rice {Oryza sativa L.) must be cost-competitive with other forage crops, high grain yield is essential. The objective of the present study was to determine the effects of planting density (11, 25, or 100 hills m-^) and N application method (the 79-21N method, with 79% of the N applied before the panicle initiation stage and 21% after, or the 36-64N method, 36% before and 64% after) on grain yield and its components in the cultivar Mizuhochikara, which produces an unusually large number of spikelets per square meter. Grain yield was not different between N application methods but increased from 799 g m"^ to 870 g m-ŵ ith increasing planting density. The number of spikelets per square meter was not strongly influenced by the planting densities. The percentage of filled spikelets and the 1000-grain weight was higher at 100 and 25 hills m"^ than at 11 hills m-2. The amount of nonstructural carbohydrate (NSC) in the leaf sheaths plus stems per square meter at the full heading stage was larger at 100 and 25 hills m-^ than at 11 hills m"^. The percentages of both primary and secondary spikelets increased with increasing planting density, whereas that of tertiary spikelets decreased. Grain weight per spikelet was generally higher at primary and secondary spikelets than at tertiary spikelets. At each position in the panicle, grain weight per spikelet was heavier at 100 and 25 hills m-^ than at 11 hills m-^. Thus, dense planting may increase the grain yield, the percentage of filled spikelets, and the 1000-grain weight by increasing NSC at full heading stage and decreasing the number of tertiary spikelets even at a large number of spikelets per square meter in Mizuhochikara.

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Grain Yield Response to Planting Density in Forage Rice with a Large Number of Spikelets

et al. 2012

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“…The first treatment of nitrogen application T1(2/3 as basal+1/3 at panicle initiation) produced the highest values of dry matter production at panicle initiation (788.03 and 801.94 g/m²) in 2011 and 2012 seasons, respectively, while, the lowest values of dry matter production at panicle initiation (668.64 and 688.04 g/m²) in the first and second seasons, respectively were obtained by the fifth treatment T5( 1/4 as basal +1/4 at MT +1/4 at BT +1/4 at complete heading ).On the other hand, application of nitrogen into four splits T6(1/4 as basal+1/4 at MT+1/4 at PI+ 1/4 at flowering) gave the maximum values of dry matter production at flowering (1971.54 and 2039.65 g/m²) in the first and second seasons respectively, While the lowest values of dry matter production at flowering (1702.40 and 1775.34 g/m²) in 2011 and 2012 seasons, respectively were produced when two-third of nitrogen as basal and one-third at panicle initiation were applied. These results are mainly attributed to the fact that nitrogen application along with the real-time paralleled with the plant nitrogen demand at various physiological growth stages especially along with first flowering encourage plant photosynthesis during plant growth through increases of all vegetative growth characters which led finally to raising dry matter production at flowering .These results are in a compatibility with Ebaid and El-Mowafi (2005) , Arafat (2007), Sathiya and Ramesh (2009) and Nakano et al (2011).…”

Section: -Growth Characters 1-1-dry Matter Production (G/m²)mentioning

confidence: 75%

Effect of Split Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Morpho-Physiological Attributes and Grain Yield of Broadcast Seeded Egyptian Hybrid Rice (Ι)

Elkhoby¹,

El-Khtyar²,

Hassan³

et al. 2013

Journal of Plant Production

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An experiment was carried out at the Experimental Farm of Rice Research and Training Center (RRTC), Sakha, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt, during 2011 and 2012 seasons. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design with four replications. The main plots were devoted to the nitrogen level 220kg N/ha in form of urea (46.5% N). The sub-plots were allocated to the six times of nitrogen application to assess the effect of six nitrogen application treatments, viz., T_1: (2⁄(3 ) as B ( basal ) + 1⁄3 at PI ( panicle initiation)), T_2: (1⁄3 as B + 1⁄3 at MT (mid-tillering) + 1⁄3 at PI.)), T_3:(1⁄2 as B + 1⁄4 at MT + 1⁄4 at PI.)), T_4:(1⁄4 as B + 1⁄4 at MT + 1⁄4 at PI + 1⁄4 at BT (booting)), T_5:(1⁄4 as B + 1⁄4 at MT + 1⁄4 at BT + 1⁄4 at CH (complete heading)), and T_6:(1⁄4 as B + 1⁄4 at MT + 1⁄4 at PI + 1⁄4 at F ( flowering)) on morpho-physiological attributes and grain yield of Egyptian hybrid rice (1) under broadcast seeded-rice. The results revealed that nitrogen levels caused significant increases in all morphophysiological attributes and grain yield of Egyptian hybrid rice (1), except for number of primary branches/panicle, number of panicle/m², panicle weight and 1000-grain weight in both seasons. Leaf area index and dry matter production at flowering were significantly increased in first and second seasons, respectively, Increasing N-level up to 220kg N/ha significantly increased number of unfilled grains/panicle and straw yield t/ha. In addition, application of 165kg N/ha produced the highest values of number of filled grains/panicle, grain yield t/ha and harvest index in both seasons. Moreover, It was observed that the highest estimated values of dry matter production at panicle initiation and straw yield; and the lowest number of panicles/m² were recorded in the first treatment (T_1), without significant differences with the 〖(T〗_(3 )) and 〖(T〗_(5 )) treatments in both seasons. The highest dry matter production at flowering, LAI at flowering, chlorophyll content in flag leaf, days to 50% heading, plant height at harvest, number of primary branches/panicle, panicle weight, heaviest 1000-grain weight, harvest index and grain yield were exhibited in 〖(T〗_(6 )) in both seasons, The interaction between nitrogen levels and time of nitrogen application had significant effect on dry matter production ( g/m²) at panicle initiation, leaf area index at both panicle initiation and at flowering, chlorophyll content in flag leaf and number of tillers/m², number of filled grains/panicle in both seasons and number of unfilled grains/panicle in the second season. From the obtained results, it could be recommended that splitting of N-fertilizer application with the rate of 165 kg/ha in four equal doses i.e. as basal application, mid-tillering, panicle initiation and at the flowering stages were played a remarkable role for achievement of high yield production from Egyptian hybrid (1) rice genotype, when it grown under broadcast seeded rice under normal soil in Egypt. Elkhoby, W. M. et al. 1260

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“…Some studies have indicated that hulls of forage rice harvested at yellow‐ripe can restrict cattle’s ( Bos taurus ) ability to digest the grains (Hara et al, 1986; Nakui et al, 1988; Hosoda et al, 2005). Hence, cultivars and cultivation methods for increasing the ratio of leaf plus stem DW to whole plant DW have been developed (Kato, 2008; Nakano et al, 2008, 2010, 2011a, 2011b; Nakano and Morita, 2009; Kato et al, 2010). Similarly, some scientists reported that hulls of forage barley harvested from soft dough to maturity restricted cattle’s ability to digest the grains (Ogawa et al, 1974; Tobino et al, 1976).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yield and Nutritive Value Responses of Forage Barley Cultivars and Lines

Nakano¹,

Kawada²,

Hattori³

et al. 2013

Agronomy Journal

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Forage barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) has attracted attention as a potential crop in Japan; however, promising cultivars and lines have not been selected and selection criteria for breeding have not been found. This study aimed to determine the effects of cultivars and lines (Wasedorinijyo, Saikaikawa 67, Saikaihadaka 68, Hakei B 0878, Hakei B 0879, and Nishinochikara) on dry matter (DM) yield and nutritive value in southwestern Japan. In the 2010–2011 crop season at heading and soft dough, Hakei B 0879 had similar DM yield to the other cultivars and lines used. However, in the 2011–2012 crop season, Hakei B 0879 had the highest number of tillers and the highest DM yield among all the cultivars and lines. The number of emerged seedlings of Hakei B 0879 was much higher in the 2011–2012 crop season than in the 2010–2011 crop season. Thus, in the 2010–2011 crop season at soft dough, the DM yield of Hakei B 0879 was reduced because of the lower number of tillers. To stabilize the DM yield of Hakei B 0879, improved seedling emergence and growth at early stages could be important. In both crop seasons at heading and soft dough, DM yield was positively correlated with the number of tillers and leaf plus stem dry weight (DW). In addition, in both crop seasons at heading, the in vitro dry matter digestibly (IVDMD) concentration of Saikaikawa 67 was higher than, or similar to, those of the other cultivars and lines used because of the lower neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentration. These results suggest that spike‐number type cultivars may be more suitable for forage barley than spike‐weight type cultivars and the number of tillers could be a selection criteria for breeding.

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Early Planting and Early Nitrogen Application Increase Stem Total Digestible Nutrient Concentration and Yield of Forage Rice in Southwestern Japan

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

Grain Yield Response to Planting Density in Forage Rice with a Large Number of Spikelets

Grain Yield Response to Planting Density in Forage Rice with a Large Number of Spikelets

Effect of Split Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Morpho-Physiological Attributes and Grain Yield of Broadcast Seeded Egyptian Hybrid Rice (Ι)

Yield and Nutritive Value Responses of Forage Barley Cultivars and Lines

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