Early phago-/endosomal escape of platinum drugs via ROS-responsive micelles for dual cancer chemo/immunotherapy

Metallodrugs in cancer nanomedicine

“…345 This can be addressed by either engineering the drug delivery system to respond to a stimulus, inducing structural changes, and promoting the release of the encapsulated drug; or, by linking the drug to the nanocarrier through bonds responsive to stimuli. In this regard, endogenous stimuli, such as pH, 346 redox 347,348 or enzymes 349 (including GSH, 350,351 which is ironically frequently responsible for resistance to Pt-drugs 55 ), have been evaluated by taking advantage of the high metabolic activity and specific environment of cancer cells compared to healthy cells. 240 Regarding exogenous stimuli, these encompass ultrasound, light, and temperature, among others.…”

BSA–MnO2–SAL multifunctional nanoparticle-mediated M1 macrophages polarization for glioblastoma therapy

“… 6 Researchers have made important progress in the treatment of tumours by synthesising acids, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), or reactive oxygen species, along with other tumour immune microenvironment-responsive nanoparticles. 7–9 However, owing to the ‘immune privilege’ environment of the brain and the immunosuppressive microenvironment of the GBM itself, the use of immunotherapy for GBM is particularly difficult. 10 However, the traditional ‘immune privilege’ perception of the brain has recently been challenged.…”

Engineered Enzyme-Loaded Erythrocyte Vesicles Precisely Deprive Tumoral Nutrients to Induce Synergistic Near-Infrared-II Photothermal Therapy and Immune Activation

“…Glucose oxidase (GOx), a widely used enzyme in the food industry, has attracted great attention in starvation therapy due to its property of catalyzing glucose into gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) . In addition to the glucose scavenging, the resultant H 2 O 2 can be further converted into hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and remarkably increase the oxidative stress of tumor cells, leading to severe cell apoptosis. , Furthermore, these ROS could reprogram tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) from the inhibited state (M2 phenotype) to the antitumor M1 phenotype, thus activating residential immunity to promote antitumor efficiency. , …”

“…9,10 Furthermore, these ROS could reprogram tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) from the inhibited state (M2 phenotype) to the antitumor M1 phenotype, thus activating residential immunity to promote antitumor efficiency. 11,12 However, despite its multiple antitumor effects, the monotherapeutic efficiency of GOx is limited because of the abundant vessel networks around the tumor site for constant nutrition supply. 13,14 Thus, blocking the transportation of glucose to tumor cells is as vital as consuming it.…”