Early Information Processing Deficit in Schizophrenia

Saccuzzo, Dennis P.; Braff, David L.

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1981.01780270061008

Cited by 259 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Nevertheless, modern studies of visual processing in schizophrenia were not conducted until the 1960’s when Holzman observed that both patients and their unaffected family members showed more variability of eye movement during eye tracking than did healthy volunteers (85, 86). Subsequent studies of visual backward masking(87) demonstrated that patients not only required longer time to detect a target, a parameter termed “critical stimulus duration,” (as in the earlier Kraeplin studies) but also showed more sensitivity to masking of the stimulus by a later, more intense stimulus, suggesting impaired interplay between different visual pathways (88). …”

Section: Visual Sensory Systemsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Sensory Processing Dysfunction in the Personal Experience and Neuronal Machinery of Schizophrenia

Javitt

Freedman

2015

AJP

321

279

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Sensory processing deficits, first investigated by Kraeplin and Bleuler as possible pathophysiological mechanisms in schizophrenia, are now being re-characterized in the context of modern understanding of the involved molecular and neurobiological brain mechanisms. The National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria position these deficits as intermediaries between molecular and cellular mechanisms and clinical symptoms of schizophrenia such as hallucinations. The pre-pulse inhibition of startle responses by a weaker preceding tone, the inhibitory gating of response to paired sensory stimuli characterized using the auditory P50 evoked response, and the detection of slightly different stimuli that elicits the cortical Mismatch Negativity potential demonstrate deficits in early sensory processing mechanisms, whose molecular and neurobiological bases are increasingly well understood. Deficits in sensory processing underlie more complex cognitive dysfunction and, vice versa, are affected by higher-level cognitive difficulties. These deficits are now being used to identify genes involved in familial transmission of the illness and to monitor potentially therapeutic drug effects for both treatment and prevention. This research also provides a clinical reminder that patients’ sensory perception of the surrounding world, even during treatment sessions, may differ considerable from others’ perceptions. A person’s ability to understand and interact effectively with surrounding world ultimately depends upon an underlying sensory experience of it.

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Section: Visual Sensory Systemsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Sensory Processing Dysfunction in the Personal Experience and Neuronal Machinery of Schizophrenia

Javitt

Freedman

2015

AJP

321

279

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“…There is evidence of differences in visual processing between the subgroups of patients with schizophrenia with predominantly positive and negative symptoms [64, 65]. Visual backward masking (VBM) has been used to test this assumption.…”

Section: Dopamine and Glutamine Rolementioning

confidence: 99%

Ophthalmology Issues in Schizophrenia

Gracitelli

Abe

Diniz-Filho

et al. 2015

Curr Psychiatry Rep

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Schizophrenia is a complex mental disorder associated with not only cognitive dysfunctions, such as memory and attention deficits, but also changes in basic sensory processing. Although most studies on schizophrenia have focused on disturbances in higher-order brain functions associated with the prefrontal cortex or frontal cortex, recent investigations have also reported abnormalities in low-level sensory processes, such as the visual system. At very early stages of the disease, schizophrenia patients frequently describe in detail symptoms of a disturbance in various aspects of visual perception that may lead to worse clinical symptoms and decrease in quality of life. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe the various studies that have explored the visual issues in schizophrenia.

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“…[4][5][6] Brain-damaged patients with unilateral lesions of the left hemisphere show a similar deficit. 7,8 In addition, processes related to early stages of visual perception like backward masking, 9,10 object recognition, 11,12 and processing of low spatial frequencies 13,14 are compromised in schizophrenia patients. One method of assessing functional hemispheric asymmetries of selective visual attention and early visual information processing is to examine intrastimulus shifts of attention between different levels of hierarchically organized visual stimuli.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizophrenia Patients Show Deficits in Shifts of Attention to Different Levels of Global-Local Stimuli: Evidence for Magnocellular Dysfunction

Coleman

Cestnick

Krastoshevsky

et al. 2009

Schizophrenia Bulletin

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Abnormalities of attention and visual perception are well documented in schizophrenia. The global-local task is a measure of attention and perceptual organization that utilizes visual stimuli comprised of large letters (global level) made up of smaller letters (local level). Subjects identify target letters appearing at either the global or local level of the stimulus. In this study, we used a version of the global-local task specifically designed to examine lateralized hemispheric processing and attention shifting in 30 schizophrenia patients and 24 normal controls. Global-local stimuli were presented in couplets (consecutive pairs). Reaction time for the second target in a couplet was compared under conditions in which the target remained at the same level (global-global, local-local) and when the target changed levels (global-local, local-global). Level-specific priming (ie, global to global and local to local) and the local-to-global level shift were similar in both groups. Schizophrenia patients were significantly slower, however, shifting attention from the global to the local level. These results implicate an impairment in shifting attentional resources from predominantly right lateralized magnocellular/dorsal stream processing of global targets to predominantly left lateralized parvocellular/ventral stream processing of local targets. Local interference effects in global processing provide further support for impaired magnocellular processing in schizophrenia patients.

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Early Information Processing Deficit in Schizophrenia

Cited by 259 publications

References 22 publications

Sensory Processing Dysfunction in the Personal Experience and Neuronal Machinery of Schizophrenia

Sensory Processing Dysfunction in the Personal Experience and Neuronal Machinery of Schizophrenia

Ophthalmology Issues in Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia Patients Show Deficits in Shifts of Attention to Different Levels of Global-Local Stimuli: Evidence for Magnocellular Dysfunction

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