Abstract:Abnormalities of attention and visual perception are well documented in schizophrenia. The global-local task is a measure of attention and perceptual organization that utilizes visual stimuli comprised of large letters (global level) made up of smaller letters (local level). Subjects identify target letters appearing at either the global or local level of the stimulus. In this study, we used a version of the global-local task specifically designed to examine lateralized hemispheric processing and attention shi… Show more
“…Also, the MD increase in the occipital lobe from HC to SZD first and SZND at the extreme end, could be related to the well-known visual processing abnormalities representing a common pathophysiological feature of the schizophrenia population as a whole (Onitsuka et al, 2007;Coleman et al, 2009;Kantrowitz et al, 2009). Particularly, the anatomical localization of the impairment can be linked to the volumetric decrease in the visual association area (Brodmann area 19) previously described in schizophrenia patients as a neuroanatomical substrate of early visual processing alterations peculiar to the disorder (Onitsuka et al, 2007).…”
“…Also, the MD increase in the occipital lobe from HC to SZD first and SZND at the extreme end, could be related to the well-known visual processing abnormalities representing a common pathophysiological feature of the schizophrenia population as a whole (Onitsuka et al, 2007;Coleman et al, 2009;Kantrowitz et al, 2009). Particularly, the anatomical localization of the impairment can be linked to the volumetric decrease in the visual association area (Brodmann area 19) previously described in schizophrenia patients as a neuroanatomical substrate of early visual processing alterations peculiar to the disorder (Onitsuka et al, 2007).…”
“…However, studies done by other laboratories have suggested deficits in early visual processing as well (Schwartz et al 1987; Slaghius 1998; Butler et al 2001; Green et al 2003; Coleman et al 2009; also see Slaghuis et al 2007a). …”
Eye tracking dysfunction (ETD) is one of the most widely replicated behavioral deficits in schizophrenia and is over-represented in clinically unaffected first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients. Here, we provide an overview of research relevant to the characterization and pathophysiology of this impairment. Deficits are most robust in the maintenance phase of pursuit, particularly during the tracking of predictable target movement. Impairments are also found in pursuit initiation and correlate with performance on tests of motion processing, implicating early sensory processing of motion signals. Taken together, the evidence suggests that ETD involves higher-order structures, including the frontal eye fields, which adjust the gain of the pursuit response to visual and anticipated target movement, as well as early parts of the pursuit pathway, including motion areas (the middle temporal area and the adjacent medial superior temporal area). Broader application of localizing behavioral paradigms in patient and family studies would be advantageous for refining the eye tracking phenotype for genetic studies.
“…Selective impairment in shifting attention, which reflects an underlying impairment of lateralized visual information processing in the predominant hemisphere, has also been reported in patients with schizophrenia (Goleman, Gestnick, Krastoshevsky, Krause, Huang, Mendell, et al, 2009). Patients with schizophrenia made a greater number of right-side omissions in the cancellation test.…”
This study investigated the relation of hemispatial inattention to the performance of daily functions in 32 patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and in 31 healthy controls. They were tested on the relationship between a target cancellation task and the Activities of Daily Living Rating Scale-II (ADLRS-II). According to the results of the hemispatial inattention test, the patients with schizophrenia made more omissions in the cancellation test than the controls. In addition, the results showed a significant correlation between number of omissions on the cancellation test and the ADLRS-II score in the study participants. A statistically significant relationship was observed between hemispatial inattention and the functional status of patients with schizophrenia, and suggests the need to incorporate measures of visual attention into psychiatric rehabilitation assessments.
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