Early Impressions of the Harmonic Scalpel

Effects of Steel Scalpel, Ultrasonic Scalpel, CO2 Laser, and Monopolar and Bipolar Electrosurgery on Wound Healing in Guinea Pig Oral Mucosa

“…[7][8][9][10][11][12] To obviate these problems, ultrasonic energy has also been used in tissue dissection. [13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Unlike the heat-producing devices, the ultrasonic scalpel denatures protein by mechanically breaking the hydrogen bonds in protein molecules, thus generating much less heat from tissue friction.…”

Prospective Study of Harmonic Scalpel in about 800 cases covering both open and laparoscopic methods

“…It is also safe during important defibrillation devices & no disturbances with monitoring systems, so improves patient's safety. All the above measures are needed for long term safe anaesthesia 11 .…”

Intrathoracic fire during preparation of the left internal thoracic artery for coronary artery bypass grafting

“…In our case, a lightbow initiated by electrocautery resulted in the fire of a surgical gauze sponge and the space around it. An alternative to electrocautery may be ultrasonic scalpels [16,17] - the harmonic scalpel which contains a transducer system using piezoelectric crystals. Markovicz and colleagues [15] found that bipolar electrosurgery produced ten times more tissue damage than ultrasonic energy.…”