Early histological and ultrastructural changes in expanded murine scalp

Zhang, Yu; Liu, Shiqiang; Cui, Jian; Song, Yajuan; Wang, Tong; Song, Beomyong; Peng, Pai; Ma, Xianjie

doi:10.1080/01913123.2020.1720876

Cited by 11 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG analyses can help us elucidate important biological functions and pathways involving DEGs. At the early stage, the top enriched GO term was determined to be “regulation of autophagy.” Consistently, in our previous study, autophagosomes containing mitochondria and cytoplasm were clearly observed in expanded murine scalp fibroblasts at the early stage ( 14 ). This suggests that autophagy of HDFs may occur early in response to mechanical stretch.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Identification of Common Hub Genes in Human Dermal Fibroblasts Stimulated by Mechanical Stretch at Both the Early and Late Stages

et al. 2022

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BackgroundMechanical stretch is vital for soft tissue regeneration and development and is utilized by plastic surgeons for tissue expansion. Identifying the common hub genes in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) stimulated by mechanical stretch at different stages will help elucidate the mechanisms involved and improve the efficiency of tissue expansion.MethodsA gene expression dataset (GSE58389) was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in HDFs between cyclic mechanical stretching and static samples were identified at 5 and 24 h. Common DEGs overlapped in both the 5 h and 24 h groups. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed to determine the functions of the DEGs. Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed using the STRING database. The top 10 hub genes were selected using the plug-in Cytohubba within Cytoscape. The regulatory network of hub genes was predicted using NetworkAnalyst.ResultsA total of 669 and 249 DEGs were identified at the early (5 h) and late stages (24 h), respectively. Of these, 152 were present at both stages and were designated as common DEGs. The top enriched GO terms were “regulation of autophagy” at the early stage, and “sterol biosynthetic processes” at the late stage. The top KEGG terms were “pyrimidine metabolism” and “synaptic vesicle cycle” at the early and late stages, respectively. Seven common DEGs [DEAD-box helicase 17 (DDX17), exocyst complex component 7 (EXOC7), CASK interacting protein 1 (CASKIN1), ribonucleoprotein PTB-binding 1 (RAVER1), late cornified envelope 1D (LCE1D), LCE1C, and polycystin 1, transient receptor potential channel interacting (PKD1)] and three common DEGs [5′-3′ exoribonuclease 2 (XRN2), T-complex protein 1 (TCP1), and syntaxin 3 (STX3)] were shown to be upregulated and downregulated hub genes, respectively. The GO terms of the common hub genes were “skin development” and “mRNA processing.” After constructing the regulatory network, hsa-mir-92a-3p, hsa-mir-193b-3p, RNA polymerase II subunit A (POLR2A), SMAD family member 5 (SMAD5), and MYC-associated zinc finger protein (MAZ) were predicted as potential targets in both stages.ConclusionAt the early stage, there were clear changes in gene expression related to DNA and chromatin alterations; at late stages, gene expression associated with cholesterol metabolism was suppressed. Common DEGs related to skin development, transcriptional regulation, and cytoskeleton rearrangement identified in both stages were found to be potential targets for promoting HDF growth and alignment under mechanical stretch.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Identification of Common Hub Genes in Human Dermal Fibroblasts Stimulated by Mechanical Stretch at Both the Early and Late Stages

et al. 2022

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“…Samples used for TEM were prepared, as described previously ( 17 ). The harvested skin sample was cut into small pieces (5 mm 3 ) and fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, United States) in 0.1 M PBS for 24 h at 4°C.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metformin Promotes Mechanical Stretch-Induced Skin Regeneration by Improving the Proliferative Activity of Skin-Derived Stem Cells

et al. 2022

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BackgroundSkin expansion by mechanical stretch is an essential and widely used treatment for tissue defects in plastic and reconstructive surgery; however, the regenerative capacity of mechanically stretched skin limits clinical treatment results. Here, we propose a strategy to enhance the regenerative ability of mechanically stretched skin by topical application of metformin.MethodsWe established a mechanically stretched scalp model in male rats (n = 20), followed by their random division into two groups: metformin-treated (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups. We measured skin thickness, collagen volume fraction, cell proliferation, and angiogenesis to analyze the effects of topical metformin on mechanically stretched skin, and immunofluorescence staining was performed to determine the contents of epidermal stem cells and hair follicle bulge stem cells in mechanically stretched skin. Western blot was performed to detect the protein expression of skin-derived stem cell markers.ResultsCompared with the control group, metformin treatment was beneficial to mechanical stretch-induced skin regeneration by increasing the thicknesses of epidermis (57.27 ± 10.24 vs. 31.07 ± 9.06 μm, p < 0.01) and dermis (620.2 ± 86.17 vs. 402.1 ± 22.46 μm, p < 0.01), number of blood vessels (38.30 ± 6.90 vs. 17.00 ± 3.10, p < 0.01), dermal collagen volume fraction (60.48 ± 4.47% vs. 41.28 ± 4.14%, p < 0.01), and number of PCNA+, Aurora B+, and pH3+ cells. Additionally, we observed significant elevations in the number of proliferating hair follicle bulge stem cells [cytokeratin (CK)15+/proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)+] (193.40 ± 35.31 vs. 98.25 ± 23.47, p < 0.01) and epidermal stem cells (CK14+/PCNA+) (83.00 ± 2.38 vs. 36.38 ± 8.96, p < 0.01) in the metformin-treated group, and western blot results confirmed significant increases in CK14 and CK15 expression following metformin treatment.ConclusionTopical application of metformin enhanced the regenerative capacity of mechanically stretched skin, with the underlying mechanism possibly attributed to improvements in the proliferative activity of skin-derived stem cells.

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“…During skin soft tissue expansion, changes occur in the epidermis, dermis, adipose tissue, muscles, blood vessels, and skin accessory structures at the site of expansion. In the epidermis, the thickness and cell density increase and the basal keratinocytes are active in mitosis [ 8 ]. In the dermis, the thickness becomes thinner, the collagen density increases, and the collagen fibers are stretched, mostly parallel to the surface of the expander.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Part of the collagen fibers is broken and arranged in disorder and the number of active fibroblasts also increases [ 9 ]. Transmission electron microscopy shows that the nuclear membranes of the cells in the epidermis and dermis are folded and the number of organelles increases, indicating active proliferation [ 8 , 9 ]. The thickness of subcutaneous fat decreases and a large number of mitochondria of different shapes and sizes is observed at the periphery of muscle fibers [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical Stretch Induced Skin Regeneration: Molecular and Cellular Mechanism in Skin Soft Tissue Expansion

Guo

Song

Xiong

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Skin soft tissue expansion is one of the most basic and commonly used techniques in plastic surgery to obtain excess skin for a variety of medical uses. However, skin soft tissue expansion is faced with many problems, such as long treatment process, poor skin quality, high retraction rate, and complications. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of skin soft tissue expansion is needed. The key to skin soft tissue expansion lies in the mechanical stretch applied to the skin by an inflatable expander. Mechanical stimulation activates multiple signaling pathways through cellular adhesion molecules and regulates gene expression profiles in cells. Meanwhile, various types of cells contribute to skin expansion, including keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, and mesenchymal stem cells, which are also regulated by mechanical stretch. This article reviews the molecular and cellular mechanisms of skin regeneration induced by mechanical stretch during skin soft tissue expansion.

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Early histological and ultrastructural changes in expanded murine scalp

Cited by 11 publications

References 42 publications

Identification of Common Hub Genes in Human Dermal Fibroblasts Stimulated by Mechanical Stretch at Both the Early and Late Stages

Identification of Common Hub Genes in Human Dermal Fibroblasts Stimulated by Mechanical Stretch at Both the Early and Late Stages

Metformin Promotes Mechanical Stretch-Induced Skin Regeneration by Improving the Proliferative Activity of Skin-Derived Stem Cells

Mechanical Stretch Induced Skin Regeneration: Molecular and Cellular Mechanism in Skin Soft Tissue Expansion

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