“…These problems might have been because the learning process was still dominated by the lecturers (teacher-centered) instead of student-centered one (Oh, Maeng & Son, 2020), the students tended to be passive (Añino, Merino, Miyara, Perassi, Ravera, Pita & Waigandt, 2014;Çepni & Keleş, 2006), and the lecturers did not give many opportunities to students to discover knowledge through their learning experience including reading. The lecture teaching method was commonly used by most biology teachers does not offer students the opportunity to actively participate and does not promote meaningful learning of biological concepts (Oghenevwede, 2019).…”