Early Effects of Salinity on Nitrate Assimilation in Barley Seedlings

Aslam, Muhammad; Huffaker, R. C.; Rains, D. W.

doi:10.1104/pp.76.2.321

Cited by 164 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, under conditions of high saline environment barley plants do show growth reduction. In this context, changes in ion uptake (2), proline levels (33), gene expression (24), or more recently, changes in metabolic rates in roots (8) have been investigated. However, no work has been done on the role of mitochondria in leaves of barley plants submitted to high NaCl stress.…”

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confidence: 99%

Changes in Properties of Barley Leaf Mitochondria Isolated from NaCl-Treated Plants

Jolivet¹,

Pireaux²,

Dizengremel³

1990

Plant Physiol.

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Treatment of barley (Hordeum vulgare) seedlings with 400 millimolar NaCI for 3 days resulted in a reduction in plant growth and an increase in the leaf content in ions (K+ + Na ) and proline. Purified mitochondria were successfully isolated from barley leaves. Good oxidative and phosphorylative properties were observed with malate as substrate. Malate-dependent electron transport was found to be only partly inhibited by cyanide, the remaining oxygen uptake being SHAM sensitive. The properties of mitochondria from NaCI-treated barley were modified. The efficiency of phosphorylation was diminished with only a slight decrease in the oxidation rates. In both isolated mitochondria and whole leaf tissue of treated plants, the lower respiration rate was due to a lower cytochrome pathway activity. In mitochondria, the activity of the alternative pathway was not modified by salt treatment, whereas this activity was increased in whole leaf tissue. The possible participation of the altemative pathway in response to salt stress will be discussed.Among crop plants, barley seems to be rather resistant to deleterious effects of NaCI salinity. However, under conditions of high saline environment barley plants do show growth reduction. In this context, changes in ion uptake (2), proline levels (33), gene expression (24), or more recently, changes in metabolic rates in roots (8) have been investigated. However, no work has been done on the role of mitochondria in leaves of barley plants submitted to high NaCl stress.The isolation and purification of green leaf mitochondria from barley was performed, and the oxidative and phosphorylative properties of these mitochondria were compared between control plant and the treated with 400 mM NaCl. The effects of salt on cyanide resistance were also investigated in both isolated mitochondria and whole leaf tissue to look for a role of the alternative pathway in salt-treated barley leaves. Uptake and compartmentation of ions in whole plant organs require energy mainly in the form of ATP generated from respiration (32). The production of compatible solutes is linked not only to the supply of reducing power and carbon skeletons, but also to energy production which depends on the efficiency of the phosphorylation process. Knowledge about respiratory metabolism during saline stress conditions is still lacking. In this context, the role of the nonphosphorylating cyanide-resistant pathway, which is a common feature of higher plant respiration (18, 28), is not fully elucidated. Some reports show that the activity ofthis alternative pathway could be modified in stress situations (17,25 MATERIALS AND METHODS Plant

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confidence: 99%

Changes in Properties of Barley Leaf Mitochondria Isolated from NaCl-Treated Plants

Jolivet¹,

Pireaux²,

Dizengremel³

1990

Plant Physiol.

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“…The extent of NaCl induced stimulation of GS activity in the WT cells (159 %) was higher than that of the MT cell (34.6 %) when compared with their corresponding control values obtained in the absence of NaCl. Many findings have revealed that results obtained concerning the effect of NaCl on NR activity are not always consistent (Aslam et al, 1984;Martinez and Cerda, 1989). In the light of present findings, it could be suggested that NR enzyme in both the WT and MT cells respond to NaCl stress in a similar manner, irrespective of the level of salinity tolerance.…”

Section: Nr and Gs Activitymentioning

confidence: 44%

Salt tolerant mutant of Anabaena doliolum exhibiting efficient ammonium uptake and assimilation

Kshatriya

Singh

2009

Physiol Mol Biol Plants

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Effect of salinity (NaCl, 100 mM) on growth, nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) activities, and uptake of NH 4 + was studied in the wild type (WT) and the NaCl-tolerant mutant type (MT) of cyanobacterium Anabaena doliolum. Results obtained in the presence of salt showed significant reduction in the growth rate of both WT and MT cells of A. doliolum by about 77.8 and 40 %, respectively over without NaCl. Similarly rate of NR activity in both WT and MT strains was reduced by 45.5 and 44.5 %, respectively. On the contrary, rate of GS activity of both the WT and MT strains in the presence 100 mM of NaCl increased by 34 and 159 %, respectively. The results of this study indicate that tolerance to NaCl in A. doliolum is more dependent on NH 4 + assimilation rather than on nitrate assimilation in relation to N-metabolism. The increased GS activity in MT cells of the cyanobacterium is possibly because of high rate of energy dependent NH 4 + uptake.

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“…Ali-Dinar et al (1999) also observed reduction in the rates of shoot longitudinal growth in guava (Psidium guava L.) under 30 mM NaCl which was attributed to osmotic and nutritional disbalances (Geenway and Munns, 1980). Decrease in the osmotic potential of plant cell under salt stress often leads to malfunctioning of the enzymatic system, reducing CO 2 fixation and N assimilation, and, consequently, a shortage in plant structural material (Aslam et al, 1984).…”

Section: Plant Heightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Growth of lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) plants affected by salinity and substrate

et al. 2008

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-The effects of 0, 30 and 60 mM NaCl and substrates (red peat, sand or 3:1:1 [w/w] mixture of peat, sand, or soil) on vegetative growth of lulo, an Andean fruit species, during 12 weeks were studied. The experiment was carried out by using 2000 cm 3 of polypropylene plastic pots under greenhouse conditions. Plant height, number of leaves and nodes, leaf area, total plant dry matter (DM), and shoot/root ratio were evaluated. With the increase of salt concentration, the plant height, the number of leaves and nodes, the leaf areas and plant dry mass DM decreased, whereas shoot/root ratio increased. Sand grown lulo plants were most affected by salinity and presented total mortality at 60 mM NaCl. On the other hand, plants held either in peat or in substrate mixture developed larger height, greater leaf and node numbers, higher leaf area and dry matter content. Shoot/root ratio in control (soil) and sand-grown plants (30 mM NaCl) was lower. Index Terms: Lulo, naranjilla, salinity, NaCl, plant height, leaf area, dry matter, peat, sand. CRESCIMENTO DE PLANTAS DE LULO (Solanum quitoense Lam.) AFETADAS POR SALINIDADE E SUBSTRATOSRESUMO -Durante 12 semanas, foi estudado o efeito de 0; 30 e 60 mM de NaCl e dos substratos (turfa vermelha, ou de mistura de turfa, areia, ou solo 3:1:1 [w/w]) sobre o desenvolvimento vegetativo de lulo, uma espécie de fruto originária dos Andes. O experimento foi feito em condições de casa de vegetação, utilizando vasos plásticos de polipropileno de 2.000 cm 3 . Foram avaliadas as mudanças em altura de planta, número de folhas e nós, área foliar, massa seca total da planta (DM) e relação raiz parte aérea. Com o incremento da concentração salina, a altura de planta, o número de folhas e de nós, as áreas foliares e a massa seca da planta diminuíram, enquanto a relação parte aérea/raiz aumentou. As plantas de lulo cultivadas em areia foram as mais afetadas pela salinidade e apresentaram mortalidade total aos 60 mM de NaCl. Assim, as plantas mantidas em turfa ou na mistura de substratos apresentaram maiores alturas, número de folhas e nós, áreas foliares e conteúdo de massa seca. A relação parte aérea/raiz foi mais baixa no controle (solo) e nas plantas cultivadas em areia (30 mM NaCl). Termos para indexação: Solanum quitoense, salinidade, NaCl, altura de planta, área foliar, massa seca, turfa, areia.

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Early Effects of Salinity on Nitrate Assimilation in Barley Seedlings

Cited by 164 publications

References 16 publications

Changes in Properties of Barley Leaf Mitochondria Isolated from NaCl-Treated Plants

Changes in Properties of Barley Leaf Mitochondria Isolated from NaCl-Treated Plants

Salt tolerant mutant of Anabaena doliolum exhibiting efficient ammonium uptake and assimilation

Growth of lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam.) plants affected by salinity and substrate

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