-The effects of 0, 30 and 60 mM NaCl and substrates (red peat, sand or 3:1:1 [w/w] mixture of peat, sand, or soil) on vegetative growth of lulo, an Andean fruit species, during 12 weeks were studied. The experiment was carried out by using 2000 cm 3 of polypropylene plastic pots under greenhouse conditions. Plant height, number of leaves and nodes, leaf area, total plant dry matter (DM), and shoot/root ratio were evaluated. With the increase of salt concentration, the plant height, the number of leaves and nodes, the leaf areas and plant dry mass DM decreased, whereas shoot/root ratio increased. Sand grown lulo plants were most affected by salinity and presented total mortality at 60 mM NaCl. On the other hand, plants held either in peat or in substrate mixture developed larger height, greater leaf and node numbers, higher leaf area and dry matter content. Shoot/root ratio in control (soil) and sand-grown plants (30 mM NaCl) was lower. Index Terms: Lulo, naranjilla, salinity, NaCl, plant height, leaf area, dry matter, peat, sand. CRESCIMENTO DE PLANTAS DE LULO (Solanum quitoense Lam.) AFETADAS POR SALINIDADE E SUBSTRATOSRESUMO -Durante 12 semanas, foi estudado o efeito de 0; 30 e 60 mM de NaCl e dos substratos (turfa vermelha, ou de mistura de turfa, areia, ou solo 3:1:1 [w/w]) sobre o desenvolvimento vegetativo de lulo, uma espécie de fruto originária dos Andes. O experimento foi feito em condições de casa de vegetação, utilizando vasos plásticos de polipropileno de 2.000 cm 3 . Foram avaliadas as mudanças em altura de planta, número de folhas e nós, área foliar, massa seca total da planta (DM) e relação raiz parte aérea. Com o incremento da concentração salina, a altura de planta, o número de folhas e de nós, as áreas foliares e a massa seca da planta diminuíram, enquanto a relação parte aérea/raiz aumentou. As plantas de lulo cultivadas em areia foram as mais afetadas pela salinidade e apresentaram mortalidade total aos 60 mM de NaCl. Assim, as plantas mantidas em turfa ou na mistura de substratos apresentaram maiores alturas, número de folhas e nós, áreas foliares e conteúdo de massa seca. A relação parte aérea/raiz foi mais baixa no controle (solo) e nas plantas cultivadas em areia (30 mM NaCl). Termos para indexação: Solanum quitoense, salinidade, NaCl, altura de planta, área foliar, massa seca, turfa, areia.
The use of ultrasound in food processing has increased in the last decade due to the reduction in times, temperatures, microbial and enzymatic inactivation, extraction of components of great interest to different industries; without altering or modifying its nutritional or organoleptic value during the transformation processes of raw materials into products with added value. Considering itself, a green technology by not causing a negative impact on the environment. In this work, the effect of US pretreatment (40KHz/130W/30°C /10, 20 and 30 min) on convective drying at 60°C / 2m / s of banana (musa paradisiaca) was evaluated. A diffusion model was used to describe the drying kinetics and to quantify the influence of the US on the effective diffusivity of water. Observing that the US significantly increased (p> 0.05) the drying speed in all the samples treated with an average reduction of 31% in the drying time with respect to the control treatment; reaching a weight loss of 77% with respect to the initial weight (3.8 to 0.9 g.). The exponential model is the most adequate to predict the experimental curves of banana drying and showed that the application of US increased both the effective diffusivity and the mass transfer coefficient, as corroborated by the values of the explained variance of 98.5 a 99.3%.
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