Early dissemination of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus through sheep marketing in February 2001

Mansley, L. M.; Dunlop, P.; Whiteside, S. M.; Smith, Rosalind

doi:10.1136/vr.153.2.43

Cited by 80 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 7 publications

(16 reference statements)

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“…As there is the possibility of environmental contamination, this is a lower estimate for the infectious period. However, direct movement of sheep from single infected herds dispersed at markets was the major source of long-distance spread (Mansley et al 2003). If the market infectious period is scaled with the farm infectious period (figure 2b), the same R 0 gives a similar GSCC size over the four-week time-scale (an ergodic scale, allowing comparison of the static network properties with transmission dynamics), but not when comparing between seasons (a non-ergodic scale, where such a comparison is not valid).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic structure and pathogen dynamics on the network of livestock movements in Great Britain

et al. 2006

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Using a novel interpretation of dynamic networks, we analyse the network of livestock movements in Great Britain in order to determine the risk of a large epidemic of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). This network is exceptionally well characterized, as there are legal requirements that the date, source, destination and number of animals be recorded and held on central databases. We identify a percolation threshold in the structure of the livestock network, indicating that, while there is little possibility of a national epidemic of FMD in winter when the catastrophic 2001 epidemic began, there remains a risk in late summer or early autumn. These predictions are corroborated by a non-parametric simulation in which the movements of livestock in 2003 and 2004 are replayed as they occurred. Despite the risk, we show that the network displays small-world properties which can be exploited to target surveillance and control and drastically reduce this risk.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Demographic structure and pathogen dynamics on the network of livestock movements in Great Britain

et al. 2006

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“…Monitoring and surveillance is based on European legislation (European Parliament and Council, 2001), which, in its turn, is based on the Terrestrial Animal Health Code (OIE, 2014). Interestingly, the foot-andmouth disease epidemic of 2001 in the UK was first identified at an abattoir in Essex, even though the index case occurred on a pig farm in Northumberland (Davies, 2002, Bourn, 2002, Mansley et al, 2003.…”

Section: Notifiable Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Animal health and disease monitoring in the abattoir

2015

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“…Despite potentially mild or unapparent clinical disease, sheep may play a critical role in the epidemiology of FMD outbreaks. This was particularly evident during the 2001 FMD epidemic in the UK when transportation and trade with apparently unaffected sheep caused extensive dissemination of the infection before any measures of disease control were initiated (Gibbens et al, 2001;Mansley et al, 2003).…”

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confidence: 98%

Clinical and virological dynamics of a serotype O 2010 South East Asia lineage foot-and-mouth disease virus in sheep using natural and simulated natural inoculation and exposure systems

Stenfeldt

Pacheco

Singanallur

et al. 2015

Veterinary Microbiology

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Within-host infection dynamics of a recent field isolate of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), serotype O, topotype South East Asia, lineage Myamar'98 were evaluated in sheep using four different systems for virus exposure. Two novel, simulated natural, inoculation systems consisting of intra-nasopharyngeal (INP) deposition and aerosol inoculation were evaluated in comparison with two conventional systems: coronary band inoculation and direct contact exposure. All four exposure systems were efficient in generating consistently severe, generalized FMD with synchronous clinical characteristics within exposure groups, indicating that this Myanmar98 strain is highly virulent in sheep. Clinical and virological dynamics were similarly rapid following INP- and coronary band inoculation, with both systems leading to significantly earlier detection of virus shedding when compared to aerosol inoculation and contact exposure. The data presented herein support application of the two optimized simulated natural inoculation systems as valid alternatives to conventionally used exposure systems for studies of FMDV pathogenesis and vaccinology in sheep. Furthermore, the data suggest that targeted exposure of the ovine pharynx is highly efficient for generating consistent FMDV infection, which supports critical involvement of this anatomic region as a site of primary virus replication in sheep.

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Early dissemination of foot‐and‐mouth disease virus through sheep marketing in February 2001

Cited by 80 publications

References 7 publications

Demographic structure and pathogen dynamics on the network of livestock movements in Great Britain

Demographic structure and pathogen dynamics on the network of livestock movements in Great Britain

Animal health and disease monitoring in the abattoir

Clinical and virological dynamics of a serotype O 2010 South East Asia lineage foot-and-mouth disease virus in sheep using natural and simulated natural inoculation and exposure systems

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