Demographic structure and pathogen dynamics on the network of livestock movements in Great Britain

Kao, Rowland R.; Danon, León; Green, Darren M.; Kiss, István Z.

doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.3505

Cited by 216 publications

(237 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Markets may play key roles in the spread of infectious diseases in livestock movement networks (KAO et al, 2006). For instance, Robinson and Christley (2007) found that auction markets played an important role in foot-and-mouth disease outbreaks in Great Britain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Livestock markets play an important role in the cattle movement network in Pernambuco, Brazil

Júnior

Almeida²,

Corrêa

et al. 2017

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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The animal trade is an important risk factor that affects the spread of diseases among animals and herds. The goal of the present study was to characterize the cattle movement network in Pernambuco, Brazil, based on the animal movement permits (Guias de Trânsito Animal; GTAs) from 2012 to 2013, and identify the intensity of the commercial relationship between farm premises. A total of 737,950 GTAs were issued, and the movement of 3,481,185 cattle (1,688,585 in 2012 and 1,792,600 in 2013) was analyzed. Of the moved animals analyzed, 52.57% (1,829,907/3,481,185) were involved in the movement of cattle in or out of livestock markets, indicating that livestock markets played a major role in the network. Approximately 20% of the more-connected premises were responsible for approximately 87% of the movement related to sales and 95% of the movement related to purchases. Considering the important role of livestock markets and the intense cattle trade between farm premises, surveillance, and control measures could be more efficient if targeted to livestock markets and highly connected premises to prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Keywords: Animal movement. Official veterinary service. Network. Epidemiological surveillance. ResumoO comércio de animais é um importante fator de risco para a disseminação de doenças entre animais e rebanhos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi caracterizar a rede de movimentação de bovinos em Pernambuco, com base nas guias de trânsito animal (GTAs) de 2012 a 2013, e identificar a intensidade da relação comercial entre os estabelecimentos. Foram analisadas 737.950 GTAs emitidas, e as movimentações de bovinos totalizaram 3.481.185 animais (1.688.585 em 2012 e 1.792.600 em 2013). Um percentual de 52,57% (1.829.907/3.481.185) das movimentações de bovinos envolveu entrada ou saída de feiras de gado, indicando que as feiras desempenharam um papel importante na rede. Aproximadamente 20% dos estabelecimentos mais conectados foram responsáveis por aproximadamente 87% das movimentações relacionadas às vendas, e 95% das movimentações, relacionadas às compras. Considerando o importante papel das feiras e o intenso comércio de bovinos entre as propriedades, medidas de vigilância e controle podem ser mais eficientes se aplicadas em feiras e estabelecimentos altamente conectados, para prevenir a propagação de doenças infecciosas. Palavras-chave: Trânsito animal. Serviço veterinário oficial. Rede. Vigilância epidemiológica. | 226Braz.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Livestock markets play an important role in the cattle movement network in Pernambuco, Brazil

Júnior

Almeida²,

Corrêa

et al. 2017

Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci.

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“…From the Cattle Tracing System (18) we have individual records of the movement of cattle between the 150,000 farms, markets, and slaughterhouses in Great Britain (SI Text). Both of these movement datasets can be conceptualized as relatively sparse networks; the analysis of such networks yields a wide range of important information on the pattern of movements and the structure of the populations (19,20). Here, however, we are interested in how such movements lead to the percolation of infection through the population, and we show that great care is needed if realistic rates of spread are to be predicted.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This rate can either be the same for all edges (19,21) or can be proportional to the strength of the The authors declare no conflict of interest.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…This rate can either be the same for all edges (19,21) or can be proportional to the strength of the edge (number of movements associated with that link) (22). This model formulation has parallels with the classic Levins metapopulation ideal in ecology (23) and has been highly successful for examining the spread of infection through networks of individuals (6).…”

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Individual identity and movement networks for disease metapopulations

Keeling

Danon

Vernon

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

137

151

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The theory of networks has had a huge impact in both the physical and life sciences, shaping our understanding of the interaction between multiple elements in complex systems. In particular, networks have been extensively used in predicting the spread of infectious diseases where individuals, or populations of individuals, interact with a limited set of others-defining the network through which the disease can spread. Here for such disease models we consider three assumptions for capturing the network of movements between populations, and focus on two applied problems supported by detailed data from Great Britain: the commuter movement of workers between local areas (wards) and the permanent movement of cattle between farms. For such metapopulation networks, we show that the identity of individuals responsible for making network connections can have a significant impact on the infection dynamics, with clear implications for detailed public health and veterinary applications.etworks are now a well-understood and powerful scientific tool. When the number of interactions between elements or individuals is relatively low, then networks offer an intuitive means of capturing and describing the structure of such interactions. Examples abound, from computer and Internet connections (1) to metabolic networks (2) and food webs (3), from transportation patterns (4) to actors within the same movies (5)-in each of these, the theory of networks has provided valuable insights into how such interactions are structured and has hinted at deeper underlying patterns. When interactions describe connections between people, then network theory is often used to explore the implications of disease spread through the population (6). However, data on human-to-human contacts through which infections can spread are rare, generally being isolated to small populations that have been sampled with detailed questionnaires-of these, networks of sexual encounters, such as the studies in Colorado Springs (7) and Manitoba (8), are probably the best examples. Another common source of network interaction comes from the movement of individuals between populations, who could potentially carry infection with them. With concerns over novel or reemerging infections, such networks of movements often form the core of mathematical models that examine the spatiotemporal spread of infections and the associated public health implications. Examples include work movements for the spread of seasonal influenza in the United States (9, 10); aviation traffic for the spread of smallpox (11), sudden acute respiratory syndrome (12), and general epidemics (13); commuting movements for deliberate release of smallpox (14); and trade for the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic (15); a more systematic review of techniques and applications is available from Riley (16). The sensitivity of the epidemic to the topological structure of the movement network has already been shown (13, 17); in contrast here, through detailed simulation, we address how such movement networks should be model...

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“…While networks have been used to reveal the importance of heterogeneity in social contacts (VanderWaal & Ezenwa, 2016;White et al, 2017) and in spatial networks of animal movements (Kao et al, 2006;Keeling et al, 2010;Jacoby & Freeman, 2016), there has been little empirical research quantifying variation in indirect transmission opportunities. This is important as quantifying and characterising this variation might facilitate the targeting of management efforts at key sources of environmental transmission.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying direct and indirect contacts for the potential transmission of infection between species using a multilayer contact network

Silk

Drewe

Delahay

et al. 2018

Behav.

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Detecting opportunities for between-species transmission of pathogens can be challenging, particularly if rare behaviours or environmental transmission are involved. We present a multilayer network framework to quantify transmission potential in multi-host systems, incorporating environmental transmission, by using empirical data on direct and indirect contacts between European badgers Meles meles and domestic cattle. We identify that indirect contacts via the environment at badger latrines on pasture are likely to be important for transmission within badger populations and between badgers and cattle. We also find a positive correlation between the role of individual badgers within the badger social network, and their role in the overall badger-cattle-environment network, suggesting that the same behavioural traits contribute to the role of individual badgers in within-and between-species transmission. These findings have implications for disease management interventions in this system, and our novel network approach can provide general insights into transmission in other multi-host disease systems.

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Demographic structure and pathogen dynamics on the network of livestock movements in Great Britain

Cited by 216 publications

References 26 publications

Livestock markets play an important role in the cattle movement network in Pernambuco, Brazil

Livestock markets play an important role in the cattle movement network in Pernambuco, Brazil

Individual identity and movement networks for disease metapopulations

Quantifying direct and indirect contacts for the potential transmission of infection between species using a multilayer contact network

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