Early Developments in Sensors and Simulators at the Air Force Weapons Laboratory

Prather, W.D.; Giri, D. V.; Gardner, R. L.; Tesche, F. M.; Hutchins, Rebecca L.; Giles, J. C.

doi:10.1109/temc.2013.2247767

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…U out of output is illustrated too. Then, the characteristic constant can be calculated by (2). When S(t) is normalized during the simulation, the characteristic constant equals U out .…”

Section: Performance Comparisons Of Different Calibration Waveformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A novel method to obtain the characteristic constant of a measurement chain

Yang,

Cui,

Cao

et al. 2024

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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The characteristic constant is commonly used to reconstruct the measured signal when a measurement chain with flat wideband frequency response is applied. The characteristic constant is often calibrated by a standard pulse that follows a rectangular pulse behavior. However, a pulse that more ‘similar’ with the measured signal is more suitable theoretically than a rectangular pulse as the calibration waveform. To reduce the measurement error caused by the calibration waveform, a novel method to optimize the calibration waveform is proposed in this paper. A dataset is constructed based on the prior information of the signal to be measured. Criterion for better calibration waveform is also discussed. Dataset construction along with the criterion makes the calibration waveform optimization a solvable mathematical problem. Then the calibration waveform is specified based on the prior information about the measured signal and the measurement chaincan be quantitively evaluation and optimized. The optimized calibration waveform will made the error caused by the fluctuations in frequency response of a proportional sensor as small as possible statistically. As an actual application case, simulation results are also provided for the intuitively explanation of the method. Then the procedure to obtain the characteristic constant based on the optimized calibration waveform is outlined. A calibration system for the given application case is built. At last, an experiment is designed and executed. The experimental results approved the method proposed in this paper well.

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“…U out of output is illustrated too. Then, the characteristic constant can be calculated by (2). When S(t) is normalized during the simulation, the characteristic constant equals U out .…”

Section: Performance Comparisons Of Different Calibration Waveformsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…What we discuss in this paper are the proportional ones. The frequency response of an ideal wideband EM sensor remains flat and has a stable phase center over a broad frequency range [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel method to obtain the characteristic constant of a measurement chain

Yang,

Cui,

Cao

et al. 2024

Meas. Sci. Technol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Electromagnetic pulses generally have a very short rise time and narrow pulse width and cover a wide frequency band. From the perspective of energy transmission, electromagnetic pulses can be divided into radiation type and conduction type [1] , and the corresponding measurement electromagnetic sensors are divided into free space and conduction type sensors [2][3][4][5] . Radiated electromagnetic pulses propagate in space in the form of electromagnetic fields, while conduction electromagnetic pulses propagate in circuits in the form of currents and voltages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and experiment of broadband electric field sensor for high-power sub-nanosecond pulse measurements

Jiang

Wang

et al. 2023

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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This paper briefly introduces the structure and working principle of the electric field sensor. And a conductive electric field sensor for measuring sub-nanosecond voltage pulse is designed. The sensor consists of coaxial transition section and integrated electric field probe. N-type connector and SMA connector are selected for input/direct output port and coupling output port respectively. The equivalent antenna area of electric field sensor measured by vector network analyzer is about 0.035cm2, and the 3dB bandwidth is more than 5GHz. The results show that the sensor can accurately measure the time-domain voltage pulse produced by the sub-nanosecond solid-state sources.

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A broadband optical fiber transmission-based time domain measurement system for nanosecond-level transient electric field

Kong

Xing²,

Zheng

et al. 2022

Review of Scientific Instruments

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A novel nanosecond transient electric field (E-field) measurement system is developed in this paper to measure the E-field pulse caused by the operation of the high-voltage switch (switching E-field pulse) in the substation. An electrically small rod antenna is used as the receiving antenna and is matched by the operational amplifier with high input impedance to achieve broadband frequency response and stable working performance. A broadband analog optical fiber transmission system is further designed based on the high-frequency circuit model of the electronic components. Unlike the traditional frequency domain E-field measurement methods, the developed measurement system can directly output the time domain waveform of the switching E-field pulse. It also has the advantages of adjustable sensitivity, portability, and anti-electromagnetic interference. The calibrated measurement bandwidth ranges from 200 Hz to 680 MHz. Furthermore, the switching E-field pulse in an ultra-high voltage substation is measured and analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the fabricated measurement system.

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Early Developments in Sensors and Simulators at the Air Force Weapons Laboratory

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

A novel method to obtain the characteristic constant of a measurement chain

A novel method to obtain the characteristic constant of a measurement chain

Design and experiment of broadband electric field sensor for high-power sub-nanosecond pulse measurements

A broadband optical fiber transmission-based time domain measurement system for nanosecond-level transient electric field

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