Early Detection of  goats infected with Lentivirus Small Ruminant virus by ELISA assay

Sardi, Sílvia Inês; Torres, Jorge Martínez; Brandão, Camila Fonseca Lopes; Tigre, Dellane Martins; Campos, Gúbio Soares

doi:10.9771/cmbio.v11i1.5925

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…ELISAs fluctuate between high sensitivity and low specificity and vice versa; for example, high sensitivity of competitive ELISAs due to the use of undiluted sera is usually combined by low specificity [19,43]. In general, the unsatisfactory diagnostic performance of ELISAs are mainly attributed to: (i) the unfavorable combination of antigen used in the test with the infection stage, as the production of antibodies against matrix and capsid proteins (e.g., p25, p28, and p16) during early infection stages precedes the production of other antibodies; on the contrary they are almost eliminated at later stages in the infected animals, where antibodies against gp46 and gp135 prevail [27,[54][55][56], (ii) the antigenic distance between the viral strain used in the development of the assay and the infecting strain of the examined animals; although SRLVs are characterized by cross-reactivity [57,58], homologous humoral immune response in strain-specific epitopes reduces dramatically the sensitivity of ELISA test and therefore, leads to misdiagnosis [37,54,59,60], (iii) the late seroconversion of animals, the fluctuation of antibody response during animal's life and the alternations between viremia and humoral immune responses [15,18,52,61], and (iv) the animal species; in goats, for example, a more robust reactivity against transmembrane glycoproteins compared to capsid proteins has been observed [37,55]. Therefore, except for the impediments arising from virus nature and the immunopathological mechanisms, a critical endeavor for the enhancement of serological diagnosis performance is to enrich the antigenic design of ELISA and improve its negative predictive value.…”

Section: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (Elisa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, except for the impediments arising from virus nature and the immunopathological mechanisms, a critical endeavor for the enhancement of serological diagnosis performance is to enrich the antigenic design of ELISA and improve its negative predictive value. The use of whole virus, incorporation of multiple antigens and synthetic peptide combinations, and genotype-specific immunodominant epitopes have been proposed for the extension of the antigenic spectrum and the amplification of the detection capacity of the assay [54,[56][57][58]60,62,63].…”

Section: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (Elisa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SRLV proviral DNA can be detected in samples of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, colostrum and milk, bronchoalveolar fluid and lungs, mammary gland, carpal synovial membranes, brain, and other secondary tissue targets such as bone marrow, spleen, lymph nodes, testicles, ovaries, uterus, heart, kidneys and liver [19,47,48,51,52,56,61,[68][69][70][71][72][73][74]. The presence of SRLV genetic material has been, also, reported in air and water samples collected from sheep farms, highlighting the potential for horizontal transmission of SRLVs [75].…”

Section: Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serological, Molecular and Culture-Based Diagnosis of Lentiviral Infections in Small Ruminants

Kalogianni

Stavropoulos

Chaintoutis

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) infections lead to chronic diseases and remarkable economic losses undermining health and welfare of animals and the sustainability of farms. Early and definite diagnosis of SRLVs infections is the cornerstone for any control and eradication efforts; however, a “gold standard” test and/or diagnostic protocols with extensive applicability have yet to be developed. The main challenges preventing the development of a universally accepted diagnostic tool with sufficient sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy to be integrated in SRLVs control programs are the genetic variability of SRLVs associated with mutations, recombination, and cross-species transmission and the peculiarities of small ruminants’ humoral immune response regarding late seroconversion, as well as intermittent and epitope-specific antibody production. The objectives of this review paper were to summarize the available serological and molecular assays for the diagnosis of SRLVs, to highlight their diagnostic performance emphasizing on advantages and drawbacks of their application, and to discuss current and future perspectives, challenges, limitations and impacts regarding the development of reliable and efficient tools for the diagnosis of SRLVs infections.

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Section: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (Elisa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (Elisa)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Serological, Molecular and Culture-Based Diagnosis of Lentiviral Infections in Small Ruminants

Kalogianni

Stavropoulos

Chaintoutis

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Investigação sorológica das lentiviroses de pequenos ruminantes nas microrregiões homogêneas do Alto Médio Canindé, Picos e Floriano, Piauí, Brasil

et al. 2017

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RESUMO: Lentivírus de pequenos ruminantes (LV) é o termo genérico utilizado para designar os vírus da artrite encefalite caprina e Maedi-Visna, os quais pertencem à família Retroviridae, subfamília Orthoretrovirinae, gênero Lentivirus. Tais vírus infectam caprinos e ovinos, causando enfermidades de curso lento com lesões inflamatórias, crônicas e degenerativas que podem atingir vários órgãos, provocando caquexia e morte. Os animais infectados eliminam o vírus sobretudo por meio de secreções e excreções e transmitem-no especialmente em situações de estreito contato. Não há tratamento até o momento. O controle é baseado na criação segregada, no manejo e no sacrifício dos positivos. Esse agente infeccioso já foi relatado em várias partes do mundo, sendo responsável por perdas econômicas significativas. Por o agente ter sido verificado em vários estados do Brasil e por não existirem dados soroepidemiológicos nas mesorregiões sudeste e sudoeste piauiense, esta pesquisa teve por objetivo realizar inquérito sorológico para investigar a ocorrência de anticorpos para o LV em ovinos e caprinos nas microrregiões do Alto Médio Canindé, Picos e Floriano, no Piauí. Para tanto, foram coletadas 1.280 e 1.360 amostras de soro caprino e ovino, respectivamente, oriundos de 20 municípios, distribuídos nas três microrregiões, sendo o número de amostras proporcional ao rebanho efetivo de cada município. As amostras de soro foram analisadas utilizando o teste de imunodifusão em gel de agarose (IDGA). Nenhum dos soros pesquisados reagiu positivamente, constatando-se soroprevalência nula. Ressalta-se a importância da implantação de um rigoroso programa de controle para que se possa evitar a introdução e/ou a disseminação desse agente infeccioso nessas microrregiões.

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Early Detection of goats infected with Lentivirus Small Ruminant virus by ELISA assay

Cited by 2 publications

References 28 publications

Serological, Molecular and Culture-Based Diagnosis of Lentiviral Infections in Small Ruminants

Serological, Molecular and Culture-Based Diagnosis of Lentiviral Infections in Small Ruminants

Investigação sorológica das lentiviroses de pequenos ruminantes nas microrregiões homogêneas do Alto Médio Canindé, Picos e Floriano, Piauí, Brasil

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