Early childhood poverty, immune-mediated disease processes, and adult productivity

Ziol‐Guest, Kathleen M.; Duncan, Greg J.; Kalil, Ariel; Boyce, W. Thomas

doi:10.1073/pnas.1203167109

Cited by 81 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 50 publications

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“…126 Low family income during the first 2 years of life is associated with a twofold increase in the rate of hypertension in early adulthood. 74 Chronic poverty also is associated with increased frequency of asthma attacks as well as worse overall health status reported by parents. 127,128 The neighborhood in which the family lives has a particularly strong effect on the prevalence of asthma, with asthma occurring much more frequently in neighborhoods with predominantly poor and nonwhite populations than in those with higher-income and white populations.…”

Section: Chronic Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediators and Adverse Effects of Child Poverty in the United States

Pascoe¹,

Wood²,

Duffee³

et al. 2016

Pediatrics

133

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The link between poverty and children's health is well recognized. Even temporary poverty may have an adverse effect on children's health, and data consistently support the observation that poverty in childhood continues to have a negative effect on health into adulthood. In addition to childhood morbidity being related to child poverty, epidemiologic studies have documented a mortality gradient for children aged 1 to 15 years (and adults), with poor children experiencing a higher mortality rate than children from higher-income families. The global great recession is only now very slowly abating for millions of America's children and their families. At this diffi cult time in the history of our nation's families and immediately after the 50th anniversary year of President Lyndon Johnson's War on Poverty, it is particularly germane for the American Academy of Pediatrics, which is "dedicated to the health of all children, " to publish a research-supported technical report that examines the mediators associated with the longrecognized adverse effects of child poverty on children and their families. This technical report draws on research from a number of disciplines, including physiology, sociology, psychology, economics, and epidemiology, to describe the present state of knowledge regarding poverty's negative impact on children's health and development. Children inherit not only their parents' genes but also the family ecology and its social milieu. Thus, parenting skills, housing, neighborhood, schools, and other factors (eg, medical care) all have complex relations to each other and infl uence how each child's genetic canvas is expressed. Accompanying this technical report is a policy statement that describes specifi c actions that pediatricians and other child advocates can take to attenuate the negative effects of the mediators identifi ed in this technical report and improve the well-being of our nation's children and their families.There is no keener revelation of a society's soul than the way in which it treats its children. Although medical care and access to medical care are important factors in the health of children as well as adults, a broader perspective of the social determinants of health throughout the life cycle is critically important if significant gains are to be realized in our efforts to improve the health of this nation's children. -Nelson Mandela TECHNICAL REPORTResearch that examines mediators of health as well as the effects of poverty and other circumstances in which people grow, live, work, and age in childhood and throughout the life course is accumulating rapidly, and findings are providing critical insights that can inform these efforts. 4 The environment in which a child develops is influenced by parents' health, the immediate and extended family, housing, and community. All these factors are related to a family's social, economic, and health status. 5 These multiple factors in both the social and the physical domains have dynamic influences that link them to the long-t...

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Section: Chronic Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediators and Adverse Effects of Child Poverty in the United States

Pascoe¹,

Wood²,

Duffee³

et al. 2016

Pediatrics

133

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The upregulation of such genetic activity markers likely play a role in the links between childhood SED exposure and inflammation. Childhood poverty from the prenatal period to the second year of life significantly predicts rates of immune-mediated chronic diseases in adulthood including arthritis and hypertension, which are associated with reduced productivity at work (Ziol-Guest et al 2012).…”

Section: Physiological Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, low SES in childhood is also associated with elevated resting blood pressure in adulthood Lehman et al 2009). Using data from a nationally representative US longitudinal study, middle-aged adults who were from lower-income families measured during pregnancy through age 2 years had higher incidence of hypertension (Ziol-Guest et al 2012) independently of concurrent income at middle age. Another important contribution of this study is the authors also had income data for ages 3-5 years and between 6 and 15 years.…”

Section: Physiological Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Socioeconomic Disadvantages Get Under the Skin and into the Brain to Influence Health Development Across the Lifespan

Kim

Evans

Chen

et al. 2017

Handbook of Life Course Health Development

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Socioeconomic disadvantage (SED) has adverse impacts on physical (Adler and Rehkopf 2008; Blair and Raver 2012; Braverman and Egerter 2008; Cohen et al. 2010; Poulton et al. 2002) and psychological (Adler and Rehkopf 2008; Bradley and Corwyn 2002; Grant et al. 2003) health development. SED is similar to low socioeconomic status (SES) which is based on occupation, income, and education or a composite of more than one of these indicators (McLoyd 1998). However, we conceptualize SED more broadly than socioeconomic status to also include subjective perception of social position and contextual indicators of disadvantage, such as neighborhood deprivation. One of the most commonly used SED indicators is poverty, which is calculated using income that falls below an annually adjusted federal poverty line. Some studies suggest independent effects of different SED variables, but each variable tends to be highly correlated with the others; thus, it is often nearly impossible to disentangle independent effects. Therefore, in this chapter, we will review findings on different SED variables but discuss the impact of SED inclusively. In adulthood, SED is assessed based on factors in an individual’s own background such as income, occupation, and education level, whereas in childhood, SED is typically assessed based on these factors for the parents.

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“…McDade (43) reviews recent evidence linking nutritional and microbial exposures in childhood to the regulation of immune competence and inflammation in adult life. In an analysis of data from the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics, Ziol-Guest et al (44) report that exposures to poverty very early in life (between the prenatal period and the second postnatal year) are associated with adult hypertension, arthritis, and activity limitations, suggesting a possible, specific link with immune-mediated forms of morbidity. Barr's essay (45) on abusive head trauma in human infants reveals how catastrophic failure within a common, iterative parent-infant interaction can lead to the shaken baby syndrome, a destructive and often fatal form of "biological embedding" of early adversity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%