Early Asian Contacts with Australia

Worsley, Peter

doi:10.1093/past/7.1.1

Cited by 45 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Anthropologists and historians contend the northern regions of the Australian continent were inhabited some 50,000 years ago via a land bridge (Muir, 2011;Suter, 2003), and in spite of basic technology and limited innovation with social involvement groups were able to argument a permanent community with security from other clans (Johns, 2011). Worsley (1955) claims the forebears of the contemporary east Arnhem Land Yolngupeople established some form of subsistence activity, mainly hunting and fishing, "… long before any other Australian aboriginal group. " (p.3).…”

Section: Beginnings Of Indigenous Contemporary Entrepreneurshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female Indigenous entrepreneurship in remote communities in northern Australia

Cecil¹

2014

IMBR

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Little is known about Australian Indigenous female entrepreneurship. Misconceptions typifying Australian Indigenous businesses are community enterprises are encumbered by research limitations, generalisations and stereotyping; the material is seldom voiced by Australian Indigenous people; and few sources detail the challenges for grass roots female Indigenous entrepreneurs in remote Australian Aboriginal communities that maintain patriarchal cultures. In this paper is described how 21 Indigenous female entrepreneurs in a remote region of northern Australia have tailored their businesses to comply with the regulatory and statutory framework of the dominant society while preserving sensitivity to the traditional cultural norms, rules, and obligations. The data were independently corroborated by Indigenous and non Indigenous men of recognised standing in the region. These empirical observations provide foundation for better informed judgements about the business environment in remote regions of Australia, which is fundamental when developing policies for delivering sustainable female Indigenous small businesses.

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Section: Beginnings Of Indigenous Contemporary Entrepreneurshipmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female Indigenous entrepreneurship in remote communities in northern Australia

Cecil¹

2014

IMBR

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“…Digs were made at Macassan camps on Winchelsea Island and at Thompson Bay in Port Langdon, Groote Eylandt; in Port Bradshaw, north-east Arnhem Land; on Milingimbi Island; and surface middens in Melville Bay (McCarthy & Setzler 1960). Later, Peter Worsley wrote a paper on early Asian contacts with northern Australia (Worsley 1955b), while Macknight and Thorne (1968) made two further digs at Macassan camp-sites; the impact of Macassan trepangers was summarised by Macknight (1976).…”

Section: Archaeologymentioning

confidence: 99%

American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (1948): Its Long-Range Impact

Louis Specht

2012

TOECOLJ

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Abstract:The American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory of Australia was sponsored by the National Geographic Society and the Smithsonian Institution in the United States and the Commonwealth Government of Australia. During 1948, two anthropologists, an archaeologist, four biological scientists and three health and nutrition experts, with two photographers and three support staff, spent eight months studying the ecology of this infertile, monsoonal landscape to learn how the present-day Aborigines who had arrived between 3500 and 5000 years ago -displacing the first hunter-gatherers, the Mimi, who arrived some 53,000 to 60,000 years before -were able to survive throughout the year.The Gondwanan origins of the heathy flora of the sandstones, the grassy eucalypt forests and woodlands on the lateritic earths, the monsoonal rainforests, the wetland and coastal plant communities -with vegetation structures similar to those in southern Australia -inspired long-term research on the physico-chemical processes (aerodynamic, water relations and mineral nutrition) that determine the structure, growth and biodiversity of plant formations throughout Australia.The cooperative research that was fostered between the United States and Australia during the 1948 Arnhem Land Expedition has continued over the last sixty years in the Fulbright Program, the UNESCO Arid Zone Research Programme, the International Biological Programme (especially in the Arid Zone Biome, the Grassland Biome, the Mediterranean-climate Biome, the Heathland Biome, the Wet-Dry Tropical Biome and Rainforest Biome Programs), the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and, since the 1990s, the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme to tackle Global Warming.Keywords: Anthropology, archaeology, rock-art, hunter-gatherers, nutrition, biodiversity, ecosystem-research, Fulbright Program, International Biological Programme (IBP), IUCN, Global Warming (IGBP). THE AMERICAN-AUSTRALIAN SCIENTIFIC EXPEDITION TO ARNHEM LANDThe National Geographic reporter/photographer, Howell Walker, was located in Darwin in 1941-42 (Walker 1942. He broke a limb and was sent south the day before the Japanese air raid on Darwin, In Washington, D.C., the National Geographic (under the Director, Dr Gilbert Grosvenor) invited Monty to lead a small National Geographic Expedition to Arnhem Land (Fig. 1). The Expedition was to be financed by the accumulated profits from sales of the National Geographic Magazine in Australia -money that, just after the Second World War, could not be transferred back to the United States. Members of the Expedition were Mountford (leader, ethnologist), Howell Walker (National Geographic reporter), an archaeologist and a zoologist from the Smithsonian. In August 1946, Ray Specht of the Botany Department, University of Adelaide, was invited as botanist/ecologistwithout pay.In January 1947, the Expedition of five specialists was postponed for a year to allow scientists from the Smithsonian Institution to survey t...

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“…The fi shermen, often referred to as Malays in many 19th century texts, or more commonly as Macassans (Macassar was the major port of origin for many of the boats), came to northern Australia in search of commodities to sell in the RECORDS OF THE WESTERN AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM SUPPLEMENT DOI: 10.18195/issn.0313-122x.79.2011.093-108 marketplaces of island South-East Asia and beyond. The main focus of Asian commercial interest in the region was trepang (bêche de mer), but pearl shell, pearls, turtle shell, sandalwood, tin, manganese and dried shark tails were also sought after by the trepangers (Flinders 1814;Warner 1932;Berndt and Berndt 1954;Worsley 1955;Macknight 1976). The archaeology, history and operation of the trepang industry in Arnhem Land, or 'marege' (as it was called by the Macassans), has been described and analysed in extensive detail by Macknight (1969Macknight ( , 1972Macknight ( , 1976.…”

Section: Groote Eylandtmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the establishment of the Mission this became a permanent feature of the Aboriginal economy. Prior to Macassan contact, labour and technology operated primarily in the realm of utility being directed towards the maintenance of established patterns of residence, resource use and exchange networks based on kinship relationships (Worsley 1955). As result of prolonged contact, fi rstly with the Macassans and secondly with the missionaries, labour and technology became increasingly directed towards obtaining and producing commodities, fi rstly as barter-based exchange and more recently within a cash economy (Turner 1974).…”

Section: Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Damper and fish, tea and sugar: post-contact changes in resource use and residence on Groote Eylandt

Clarke¹

2011

Rec West Aust Mus Sup

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-A number of the archaeological sites located and studied on Groote Eylandt were occupied during the very recent past covering the time of contact with Macassans and missionaries. Historical sources relating to the early period of the Church Missionary Society Mission from the 1920s to the 1950s are used in this paper to examine the material record and processes of cross-cultural interaction and change, rather than to recreate a generalised ethnographic past located at some unspecifi ed point in the late Holocene.

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Early Asian Contacts with Australia

Cited by 45 publications

References 0 publications

Female Indigenous entrepreneurship in remote communities in northern Australia

Female Indigenous entrepreneurship in remote communities in northern Australia

American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land (1948): Its Long-Range Impact

Damper and fish, tea and sugar: post-contact changes in resource use and residence on Groote Eylandt

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