Early Appearance of TNF‐α and Other Cytokines in Bronchus Associated Lymphoid Tissues (BALT) from Growing Wistar Rats. What is the Role of TNF‐α?

Delettieres, Dreanina; Frecha, Cecilia; Roux, M

doi:10.1080/17402520400001686

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 15 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…IL‐6 is a glycoprotein with a molecular mass in the 21‐ to 28‐kD range, depending on the cell source and mode of preparation (Akira et al., ; Heinrich et al., ; Suzuki et al., ; Chagnon et al., ). The anti‐TNF‐α antibody specifically labels 51 kDa TNF trimer (Delettieres et al., ). After three washes in 0.1% TBS‐Tween 20, the membranes were then incubated with a horseradish peroxidase‐conjugated goat anti‐mouse secondary antibody (1:20000; Jackson ImmunoResearch, Baltimore, MD, USA) or goat anti‐rabbit secondary antibody (1:20000; Jackson ImmunoResearch) for 1 h at room temperature, and washed three times.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroacupuncture reduces the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in inflamed skin tissues through activation of cannabinoid CB2 receptors

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2011

European Journal of Pain

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Endogenous cannabinoids and peripheral cannabinoid CB2 receptors (CB2Rs) are involved in the antinociceptive effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on inflammatory pain. However, it is not clear how CB2R activation contributes to the antinociceptive effect of EA. The major proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6, are involved in inflammatory pain. Here we determined the effects of CB2R activation and EA on the expression level of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in inflamed skin tissues. Inflammatory pain was induced by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant into the left hindpaw of rats. Thermal hyperalgesia was tested with a radiant heat stimulus, and mechanical allodynia was quantified using von Frey filaments. The mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in inflamed skin tissues were measured using real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blot, respectively. Local injection of the selective CB2R agonist AM1241 or EA applied to GB30 and GB34 significantly reduced thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia induced by tissue inflammation. The specific CB2R antagonist AM630 significantly attenuated the antinociceptive effect of EA. Furthermore, EA or AM1241 treatment significantly decreased the mRNA and protein levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in inflamed skin tissues. In addition, pretreatment with AM630 significantly reversed the inhibitory effect of EA on these cytokine levels in inflamed skin tissues. Our results suggest that EA reduces inflammatory pain and proinflammatory cytokines in inflamed skin tissues through activation of CB2Rs.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electroacupuncture reduces the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in inflamed skin tissues through activation of cannabinoid CB2 receptors

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2011

European Journal of Pain

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The role of cytokines in the development of BALT has been studied in rats, where already by day 4 after birth, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was present in BALT (38). At day 4 in rats, Marquez et al (39) concluded that all necessary T‐cell phenotypes were present.…”

Section: Ontogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bronchus‐ and nasal‐associated lymphoid tissues

Bienenstock

McDermott

2005

Immunological Reviews

175

142

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) and the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue (NALT) constitute organized lymphoid aggregates that are capable of T- and B-cell responses to inhaled antigens. BALT, located mostly at bifurcations of the bronchus in animals and humans, is present in the fetus and develops rapidly following birth, especially in the presence of antigens. Humoral immune responses elicited by BALT are primarily immunoglobulin A secretion both locally and by BALT-derived B cells that have trafficked to distant mucosal sites. Similarly located T-cell responses have been noted. On the basis of these findings, the BALT can be thought of as functionally analogous to mucosal lymphoid aggregates in the intestine and is deemed a member of the common mucosal immunologic system. NALT has been described principally in the rodent nasal passage as two separate lymphoid aggregates. It develops after birth, likely in response to antigen, and B- and T-cell responses parallel those that occur in BALT. It is not known whether NALT cells traffic to distant mucosal sites, although mucosal responses have been detected after nasal immunization. NALT appears from many studies to be a functionally distinct lymphoid aggregate when compared with BALT and Peyer's patches. It may exist, however, in humans as a diffuse collection of isolated lymphoid follicles.

show abstract

“…However, we did not find evidence of direct injury to lung tissue. TNF-a has also been implicated in the development of BALT, and is known to play a role in lymph node homeostasis (29,30). The increase in CD4…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoreactive T and B Cells Induce the Development of Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in the Lung

Shilling¹,

Williams²,

Perera³

et al. 2013

Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Rheumatoid arthritis-related interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Studies in humans have found that the incidence of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) correlates with the severity of lung injury. However, the mechanisms underlying the development of BALT during systemic autoimmunity remain unknown. We have determined whether systemic autoimmunity in a murine model of autoimmune arthritis can promote the development of BALT by generating a novel murine model derived from K/BxN mice. Transgenic mice with the KRN T-cell receptor specific for the autoantigen, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI), were crossed with GPI-specific immunoglobulin heavy and light chain knock-in mice, producing mice with a majority of T and B cells specific for the same autoantigen. We found that 67% of these mice demonstrated lymphocytic infiltration in the lungs, localized to either the perivascular or peribronchial regions. Fifty percent of the mice with lymphocytic infiltration manifested lymphoid-like lesions resembling BALT, with distinct T and B cell follicles. The lungs from mice with lymphoid infiltrates had increased numbers of cytokine-producing T cells, including IL-17A1 T cells and increased major histocompatibility complex Class II expression on B cells. Interestingly, challenge with bleomycin failed to elicit a significant fibrotic response, compared with wild-type control mice. Our data suggest that systemic autoreactivity promotes ectopic lymphoid tissue development in the lung through the cooperation of autoreactive T and B cells. However, these BALT-like lesions may not be sufficient to promote fibrotic lung disease at steady state or after inflammatory challenge.

show abstract

Early Appearance of TNF‐α and Other Cytokines in Bronchus Associated Lymphoid Tissues (BALT) from Growing Wistar Rats. What is the Role of TNF‐α?

Cited by 5 publications

References 15 publications

Electroacupuncture reduces the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in inflamed skin tissues through activation of cannabinoid CB2 receptors

Electroacupuncture reduces the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in inflamed skin tissues through activation of cannabinoid CB2 receptors

Bronchus‐ and nasal‐associated lymphoid tissues

Autoreactive T and B Cells Induce the Development of Bronchus-Associated Lymphoid Tissue in the Lung

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About