Electroacupuncture reduces the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in inflamed skin tissues through activation of cannabinoid <scp>CB</scp>2 receptors

Su, Tangfeng; Zhao, Yan; Zhang, L. H.; Peng, Miao; Wu, Chunxiao; Pei, Lei; Tian, Bo; Zhang, J.; Shi, Jing; Pan, Hui‐Lin; Li, Man

doi:10.1002/j.1532-2149.2011.00055.x

Cited by 72 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…It has been reported that EA increased mechanical threshold in the CFAinduced inflammatory pain model [33]. EA may modulate IL-17RA in DRG neurons to inhibit pain, which warrants further investigation.…”

Section: Fig (5)mentioning

confidence: 89%

Electroacupuncture Inhibits Spinal Interleukin-17A to Alleviate Inflammatory Pain in a Rat Model

Meng¹,

Lao²,

Shen³

et al. 2013

TOPAINJ

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Although acupuncture analgesia has been reported in clinical trials, its mechanisms have been unclear. It was recently reported that spinal astrocytes-produced interleukin-17A (IL-17A) facilitates inflammatory pain. Hypothesizing that electroacupuncture (EA) would suppress inflammation-enhanced IL-17A synthesis to inhibit pain, we induced hyperalgesia, as measured by decreased paw withdrawal latency (PWL) to a noxious thermal stimulus, by subcutaneously injecting complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA, 0.08 ml, 40 µg Mycobacterium tuberculosis) into the hind paws of rats, or intrathecal (i.t.) IL-17A (400 ng in 10 µl) into the lumbar spinal cord. We then gave EA at acupoint GB30 for two 20-min periods, once immediately after CFA or IL-17A administration and again 2 h post-injection. For sham control, EA needles were inserted into GB30 without stimulation. PWL was measured before and 2.5 and 24 h after injection. Spinal IL-17A, IL-17 receptor A (IL-17RA), and phosphorylated NR1, an essential subunit of the N-methyl D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), were determined 24 h post-CFA or -IL-17A using immunohistochemistry and western blot. Compared to sham control, EA inhibited CFA-caused thermal hyperalgesia 2.5 and 24 h post-CFA and concurrently suppressed inflammation-enhanced IL-17A and IL-17RA synthesis and NR1 phosphorylation in the ipsilateral spinal cord. EA inhibited IL-17A-produced thermal hyperalgesia, IL-17RA synthesis and NR1 phosphorylation. Our data suggest that EA inhibits inflammatory pain by blocking spinal IL-17A synthesis. Since previous study shows that IL-17A is located in astrocytes and IL-17RA and NR1 are in neurons, the data suggest that EA alleviates pain by modulating glia-neuronal interactions that involve IL-17A, IL-17RA, and NR1 phosphorylation.

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Section: Fig (5)mentioning

confidence: 89%

Electroacupuncture Inhibits Spinal Interleukin-17A to Alleviate Inflammatory Pain in a Rat Model

Meng¹,

Lao²,

Shen³

et al. 2013

TOPAINJ

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“…Previous research also emphasized the important role of local adenosine A1 receptors in the anti-nociception of acupuncture [7]. Previous studies, including some studies from our laboratory, showed that interleukins, such as IL-1β, are modulated in EA analgesia in inflammatory pain [8,37]. Consistently, we showed here that IL-33, a novel IL-1 family member with a structure similar to that of IL-1β, also played an important role in EA analgesia in acute inflammatory pain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of Spinal Interlukin-33/ST2 Signaling and Downstream ERK and JNK Pathways in Electroacupuncture Analgesia in Formalin Mice

et al. 2015

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Although acupuncture is widely used to manage pain, it remains highly controversial, largely due to the lack of a clear mechanism for its benefits. Here, we investigated the role of IL-33, a novel interleukin (IL)-1 family member, and its receptor ST2 in the analgesic effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on formalin-induced inflammatory pain. The results showed that 1) EA stimulation of ipsilateral Zusanli (ST 36) and Yanglingquan (GB 34) acupoints for 30 min remarkably suppressed the two phases of formalin-induced spontaneous pain; 2) subcutaneous or intrathecal administration of recombinant IL-33 (rIL-33) significantly inhibited the analgesic effect of EA, whereas the ST2 antibody potentiated EA analgesia in formalin mice; 3) EA treatment decreased the up-regulation of IL-33 and ST2 protein following formalin injection; and 4) the suppression of the formalin-induced expression of spinal phosphorylated ERK and JNK induced by EA treatment was significantly attenuated following subcutaneous rIL-33 delivery, and was further decreased by the ST2 antibody. These data suggest that EA alleviates formalin-induced inflammatory pain, at least partially, by inhibiting of spinal IL-33/ST2 signaling and the downstream ERK and JNK pathways.

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“…Thus, addressing AT's mechanism of action in WAD patients might pose considerable challenges. Apart from nonspecific psychological (placebo) effects related to the patient's belief that treatment will be effective, the antinociceptive effect of needling might involve a reduction of inflammatory pain and proinflammatory cytokines through the activation of endogenous cannabinoids and peripheral cannabinoid receptors [37, 38]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acupuncture for Treating Whiplash Associated Disorder: A Systematic Review of Randomised Clinical Trials

Moon

Posadzki

Choi

et al. 2014

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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The aim of this systematic review was to determine the effectiveness of acupuncture for the treatment of whiplash associated disorder (WAD). Twenty databases were searched from their inceptions to Oct. 2013. Randomised clinical trials (RCTs) of acupuncture (AT), electroacupuncture (EA), or dry needling (DN) for the treatment of WAD were considered eligible. The risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane tool. Six RCTs met the inclusion criteria. Most of the included RCTs have serious methodological flaws. Four of the RCTs showed effectiveness of AT, AT in addition to usual care (UC), AT in addition to herbal medicine (HM) or EA was more effective than relaxation, sham EA, sham EA in addition to HM or UC for conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and alleviating pain. In one RCT, DN in addition to physiotherapy (PT) had no effect compared to sham-DN in addition to PT for the reduction of pain. None of the RCTs showed that AT/EA/DN was more effective than various types of control groups in reducing disability/function. One RCT did not report between-group comparisons of any outcome measures. The evidence for the effectiveness of AT/EA/DN for the treatment of WAD is limited. Therefore, more research in this area is warranted.

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Electroacupuncture reduces the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in inflamed skin tissues through activation of cannabinoid CB2 receptors

Cited by 72 publications

References 58 publications

Electroacupuncture Inhibits Spinal Interleukin-17A to Alleviate Inflammatory Pain in a Rat Model

Electroacupuncture Inhibits Spinal Interleukin-17A to Alleviate Inflammatory Pain in a Rat Model

Inhibition of Spinal Interlukin-33/ST2 Signaling and Downstream ERK and JNK Pathways in Electroacupuncture Analgesia in Formalin Mice

Acupuncture for Treating Whiplash Associated Disorder: A Systematic Review of Randomised Clinical Trials

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