Eagle’s Syndrome: Report of Three Cases

More, Chandramani B.; Asrani, Mukesh

doi:10.1007/s12070-011-0232-8

Cited by 13 publications

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“…After he was extubated, he was found to have left‐side IX, X and XII cranial nerve palsies. Computed tomography of his neck showed bilateral elongated styloid processes (5.0 cm long; Figure), consistent with Eagle syndrome 1 . The left styloid process was closely opposed to the transverse process of the first cervical vertebra, causing effacement of the internal jugular vein and compression of the IX, X and XII cranial nerves, which converge in this area.…”

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confidence: 80%

“…Computed tomography of his neck showed bilateral elongated styloid processes (5.0 cm long; Figure), consistent with Eagle syndrome. 1 The left styloid process was closely opposed to the transverse process of the first cervical vertebra, causing effacement of the internal jugular vein and compression of the IX, X and XII cranial nerves, which converge in this area. The eponym used to describe concurrent paralyses of the X and XII cranial nerves is Tapia syndrome, 2 with prolonged neck flexion potentially contributing to the condition in our case.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Eagle Syndrome as a potential cause of Tapia Syndrome

Paramalingam

Kuok

2015

Medical Journal of Australia

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confidence: 80%

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confidence: 99%

Eagle Syndrome as a potential cause of Tapia Syndrome

Paramalingam

Kuok

2015

Medical Journal of Australia

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“…: nevralgijo V., IX. živca in sfenopalatinega ganglija, degenerativne bolezni temporomandibularnega sklepa, kronično vnetje mastoidnih celic, srednjega ušesa, žrela, nebnic, kočnikov ali žlez slinavk, nepravilen griz, divertikle požiralnika, migreno in druge vrste glavobola, velikocelični arteritis, benigne in maligne tumorje vratu ter degenerativne bolezni vratne hrbtenice (21). Zaradi vseh naštetih diferencialnih diagnoz je potrebno za dokončno potrditev diagnoze ES opraviti tudi ustrezne slikovne preiskave.…”

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Eaglov sindrom

et al. 2017

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Background: In the present article we present the characteristics of Eagle syndrome, which is an often overlooked cause of chronic pain in the neck and head. The syndrome is caused by the compression of an elongated styloid process on the adjacent cranial nerves or the carotid arteries. Since there are disparate data in the literature regarding the proportion of people with an elongated styloid process, we conducted a survey to determine the percentage of patients with an elongated styloid process in a group of subjects who underwent computed tomographic imaging of the neck vessels in our institution.Methods: We analyzed the images of 104 patients who were referred to our institution for computed tomographic angiography of the neck between the years 2014 and 2016. With the help of a software measurement tool, we determined the length of the styloid processes and compared the length of the processes on both sides and in both genders. Patients with an elongated styloid process were reviewed for any symptoms of Eagle syndrome.Results: The average age of the reviewed patients was 67.1 years. Both genders were equally represented (51 % men and 49 % women). The average length of the styloid process was 23.8 (7.0) mm, with 23 patients (22.1 %) having a styloid process longer than 30 mm. In one third of those patients the styloid process was elongated bilaterally. There were no diﬀerences in the average length of the styloid process between men and women and between the left and the right side. Among patients with an elongated styloid process, only one (4.3 %) had symptoms attributable to the Eagle syndrome.Conclusions: Eagle syndrome should be suspected in a patient with repetitive, dull pain in the throat and neck, which worsens during speaking, chewing or swallowing. The diagnosis is confirmed by computed tomography which could demonstrate an elongated styloid process and exclude other causes for neck pain. With regard to the results of our study, an elongated styloid process is found in a relatively high percentage of patients but the condition is only rarely symptomatic.

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“…Discussion ES refers to a symptomatic anomaly due to elongation of the styloid process or mineralization of the styloid complex [1]. The variability in length and direction of the styloid process and styloid chain lead to a wide range of relationships between the chain and neural and vascular elements of the neck such as cranial nerves V, VII, IX, X, internal carotid artery, and jugular vein [2,3].…”

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“…Infiltration of local anesthetics in the tonsillar fossa has been reported to aid in diagnosis [10]. The differential diagnosis of ES includes temporomandibular joint disease, migraine headaches, trigeminal, glossopharyngeal and sphenopalatine neuralgias and chronic laryngopharyngeal reflux [1,11]. The wide range of nonspecific symptoms may lead physicians to an inaccurate clinical diagnosis and make the true diagnosis even more challenging [5].…”

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Eagle’s Syndrome

Elimairi

Baur

Altay

et al. 2014

Head and Neck Pathol

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Eagle's Syndrome (ES) refers to a symptomatic anomaly due to elongation of the styloid process or mineralization of the styloid complex. If not diagnosed timely and treated properly, elongation of the styloid process or the hyper-mineralization of the stylohyoid ligament may eventually lead to complete ossification of the stylohyoid complex. Non-specific head and neck symptoms of the ES may pose diagnostic challenges to the clinician. Therefore it is crucial to include ES among differential diagnosis when evaluating patients with similar head and neck symptoms. Once the diagnosis is confirmed, treatment plan should be tailored in accordance with the individual requirements of the case and performed without delay. Both pharmacological and surgical methods have been described for the treatment of the patients with ES. However for those who suffer from persistent symptoms, surgical removal of the elongated styloid process is the treatment of choice and can be done with an intraoral or an extraoral approach. The aim of this work is to present unusual clinical symptoms and radiologic findings of ES due to complete ossification of the stylohyoid complex. The importance of a correct diagnosis and appropriate treatment are highlighted.Keywords Eagle's Syndrome Á Ossification Á Stylohyoid Á Hypoglossal nerve palsy HistoryA 48-year-old female patient with non-significant past medical history was referred for evaluation and management of unilateral weakness of her tongue. Among her initial complaints were sharp lancinating pain on swallowing, altered speech, dry mouth, left neck swelling, and intermittent loss of taste. Radiographic FeaturesInitial radiographic examination was carried out with a panoramic radiograph, which revealed a voluminous ossified stylohyoid complex on the patient's left side (Fig. 1). Computerized tomography (CT) imaging was obtained to further evaluate the true dimension and angulation of the calcified tissue. Sagittal view (Fig. 2) and the threedimensional CT reconstruction (Fig. 3) demonstrated complete ossification of the stylohyoid complex. DiagnosisClinical examination of the patient revealed a fixated mass, which was firm on palpation in the left submandibular

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Eagle’s Syndrome: Report of Three Cases

Cited by 13 publications

References 11 publications

Eagle Syndrome as a potential cause of Tapia Syndrome

Eagle Syndrome as a potential cause of Tapia Syndrome

Eaglov sindrom

Eagle’s Syndrome

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