E-Trickle: Enhanced Trickle Algorithm for Low-Power and Lossy Networks

The ROLL working group proposed the RPL (IPv6 routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks) to respond to the requirements of low-power and lossy networks (LLNs). In this paper, we propose a new approach to assess the RPL performances based on its main components, namely, the objective function (OF) and the trickle algorithm. To this end, we compare between the RPL-EC (RPL based combined ETX and energy consumption) and the RPL-FL (RPL based on the flexible trickle algorithm). This paper compares the two implementations to assess the weight of each proposed improvement against the standard RPL. The results show that RPL performances are greatly influenced by the change of both the objective function and trickle algorithm. RPL-FL provides best values in terms of overhead, packet delivery ratio (PDR), and energy consumption, while RPL-EC acts better with the convergence time and the network lifetime compared to the standard RPL.

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“…The authors in [22] proposed "Enhanced-Trickle" to solve the short-listen problem. The proposal has two steps.…”

Section: The Trickle Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Approach for RPL Assessment Based on the Objective Function and Trickle Optimizations

Lamaazi

Benamar

2019

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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“…A key issue in Trickle is the introduction of listen-only period in the first half of each Trickle's interval (I) [119] [123]. The goal behind the listen period is to solve the so-called short-listen problem in asynchronous networks [53].…”

Section: ) Listen-only Periodmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Limitations and Enhancements of the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks: A Focus on Core Operations

Ghaleb

Al‐Dubai

Ekonomou

et al. 2019

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

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117

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Driven by the special requirements of the Lowpower and Lossy Networks (LLNs), the IPv6 Routing Protocol for LLNs (RPL) was standardized by the IETF some six years ago to tackle the routing issue in such networks. Since its introduction, however, numerous studies have pointed out that, in its current form, RPL suffers from issues that limit its efficiency and domain of applicability. Thus, several solutions have been proposed in the literature in an attempt to overcome these identified limitations. In this survey, we aim mainly to provide a comprehensive review of these research proposals assessing whether such proposals have succeeded in overcoming the standard reported limitations related to its core operations. Although some of RPL's weaknesses have been addressed successfully, the study found that the proposed solutions remain deficient in overcoming several others. Hence, the study investigates where such proposals still fall short, the challenges and pitfalls to avoid, thus would help researchers formulate a clear foundation for the development of further successful extensions in future allowing the protocol to be applied more widely.

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“…Despite its importance, only a few studies have been conducted to validate its efficiency and optimizing its operation. In [4], authors proposed an improved version of Trickle called "Enhanced-Trickle". This algorithm solves the short listen problem.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It defines how nodes select and optimize the routes toward the destination, while the second component is the trickle algorithm. In the RPL network, the trickle allows controlling the transmission of the signalling traffic used to build the DODAG topology [3] [4]. It allows exchanging information between constrained nodes in a simple way with an achievement of the scalability and energy-efficient goal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FL-Trickle: New Enhancement of Trickle Algorithm for Low Power and Lossy Networks

Lamaazi

Benamar

Kahili

et al. 2019

2019 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC)

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The Trickle algorithm is one of the main components of the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL). Trickle is used to maintain and to control messages in the network. However, this algorithm has some limitations in terms of power consumption, overhead, and convergence time. In this paper, we present a new improvement of the Standard Trickle algorithm, named Flexible Trickle Algorithm (FL-Trickle). Based on the T time parameters and the Minimum Interval values, the new trickle allows reducing the delay needed to transmit control messages as well as the transmission rate. A comparison has been made between the FL-Trickle, the standard Trickle and the Trickle-Plus algorithms. Simulation results show that our proposed approach outperforms both the standard trickle and the Trickle-Plus in terms of convergence time, overhead and energy consumption. FL-Trickle increases the convergence time by up 58%, reduces the overhead by up to 69% and the energy consumption by up to 62%.

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E-Trickle: Enhanced Trickle Algorithm for Low-Power and Lossy Networks

Cited by 39 publications

References 8 publications

A Novel Approach for RPL Assessment Based on the Objective Function and Trickle Optimizations

A Novel Approach for RPL Assessment Based on the Objective Function and Trickle Optimizations

A Survey of Limitations and Enhancements of the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low-Power and Lossy Networks: A Focus on Core Operations

FL-Trickle: New Enhancement of Trickle Algorithm for Low Power and Lossy Networks

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