E-Triage Systems for COVID-19 Outbreak: Review and Recommendations

Alhaidari, Fahd; Almuhaideb, Abdullah M.; Alsunaidi, Shikah J.; Ibrahim, N. S.; Aslam, Nida; Khan, Irfan Ullah; Shaikh, Fatema; Alshahrani, Mohammed; Alharthi, Hajar M.; Alsenbel, Yasmine M.; Alalharith, Dima M.

doi:10.3390/s21082845

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 75 publications

(65 reference statements)

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“…Taste dysfunction was depicted as one of the characteristic symptoms of COVID-19 infection due to its high prevalence, estimated to be 39.2% (CI 95%: 35.34-43.12%) according to latest meta-analyses (12)(13)(14). Therefore, public health authorities had broadly used taste dysfunction in case finding protocols and triage recommendations (15). Lechien et al reported a series of six cases with new-onset taste disorders following COVID-19 vaccination with repeated negative PCR results for SARS-CoV-2.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Adverse Events Following COVID-19 Vaccination: Analysis of VAERS Reports

Riad

Põld

Kateeb

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundOral adverse events (AEs) following COVID-19 vaccination have been sporadically reported during the previous months, warranting further investigation for their prevalence and suspected relationship with vaccine-elicited immune response.MethodsA retrospective analysis using the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) data was conducted to evaluate AEs within the oral cavity (mucosa, tongue, lips, palate, dentition, salivary glands) and AEs involving taste and other sensations. Oral AEs reported after receiving COVID-19 vaccination (test group) and seasonal influenza vaccination (control group) were extracted and cross-tabulated to assess their relative prevalence.ResultsAmong the 128 solicited (suspected) oral AEs, oral paresthesia (0.872%) was most reported after receiving COVID-19 vaccines, followed by the swelling of lips (0.844%), ageusia (0.722%), oral hypoesthesia (0.648%), swollen tongue (0.628%), and dysgeusia (0.617%). The reported prevalence of oral AEs was higher in the COVID-19 vaccine group than in the seasonal influenza group. The distribution pattern of the most reported oral AEs was similar for both COVID-19 and seasonal influenza vaccines. Female sex, older age (>39 years old), primer doses, and mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines exhibited a higher reported prevalence of oral AEs.ConclusionWithin the limitations of this study, COVID-19 vaccines were found to be associated with rare oral AEs that are predominantly similar to those emerging following seasonal influenza vaccines. The most commonly reported oral AEs were oral paraesthesia (mouth-tingling), lip swelling, and ageusia, representing various pathophysiologic pathways that remain unclear. Taste-related AEs should be acknowledged in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and the public should be adequately informed about a potential taste dysfunction after receiving the COVID-19 vaccination. Dentists and dental teams need to be aware of the prevalence, severity, and prognosis of oral AEs to inform their patients and increase public confidence in vaccines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Adverse Events Following COVID-19 Vaccination: Analysis of VAERS Reports

Riad

Põld

Kateeb

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…Unlike other vaccines, COVID‐19 vaccines were associated with a significantly higher frequency of taste‐related SEs in the United States. Several hypotheses can be proposed to explain this finding: (i) the increased public awareness of taste disorders had probably increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic due to utilizing taste disorders in differential diagnosis and case triage, (ii) the increased possibility of breakthrough infections that could be associated with taste disorders as clinical complications, and (iii) suffering from taste disorders as a result of long COVID‐19 39–41 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral side effects of COVID‐19 vaccines in 32 European countries: Analysis of EudraVigilance reports

Riad

Schulz‐Weidner

Dziedzic

et al. 2023

Journal of Medical Virology

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The recent reports of oral side effects (SEs) following COVID-19 vaccination warrant further investigation into their prevalence, severity, and aetiology. This study was conducted to synthesize the first-ever population-level evidence about oral SEs of COVID-19 vaccines in Europe. The European Union Drug Regulating Authorities Pharmacovigilance (EudraVigilance) database was accessed in August 2022 to extract summary data of all potential oral SEs reported after COVID-19 vaccination.The data were reported descriptively and cross-tabulated to facilitate sub-group analysis per vaccine type, sex, and age group. Dysgeusia was the most commonly reported oral SE (0.381 case per each 100 received reports), followed by oral paraesthesia (0.315%), ageusia (0.296%), lip swelling (0.243%), dry mouth (0.215%), oral hypoaesthesia (0.210%), swollen tongue (0.207%), and taste disorder (0.173%).Females had significantly (Sig. < 0.001) a higher prevalence of all most common (top 20) oral SEs, except for salivary hypersecretion, which was equally prevalent among females and males. The present study revealed a low prevalence of oral SEs, with taste-related, other sensory and anaphylactic SEs being the most common SEs in Europe, similar to what was found earlier among the US population. Future studies should explore the potential risk factors of oral sensory and anaphylactic SEs to verify whether they are causally linked to COVID-19 vaccines.

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“…As symptoms appear 2-14 days after infection (depending on a variety of factors including the variant), a triage questionnaire, based on symptomology, maybe only partially effective. Patient and DHCW triage are effective in identifying and isolating symptomatic individuals, though limitations exist by virtue of varying degrees and range of symptomatology [19]. The knowledge that asymptomatic and presymptomatic individuals may still transmit the virus suggests that solely triaging for symptoms may be inadequate to eliminate virus-infected patients from their offices [20].…”

Section: Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Pragmatic Return to Effective Dental Infection Control Through Triage and Testing (PREDICT) Study: Protocol for a Prospective Clinical Study in the National Dental Practice–Based Research Network

Fredericks-Younger¹,

Fine²,

Subramanian³

et al. 2022

JMIR Res Protoc

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Background Dental practice has been greatly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. As SARS-CoV-2 infection is transmitted by respiratory fluids, dental practice techniques, which include aerosol-generating procedures, can increase the risk of transmission causing heightened safety concerns for both dental health care workers (DHCWs) and patients. These concerns have resulted in the reduction in patient volume and the available workforce within dental practices across the United States. Standardized methods for COVID-19 triage and testing may lead to increased safety and perceptions of safety for DHCWs and their patients and promote willingness to provide and access oral health care services. Objective This study is designed to develop procedures that test the feasibility of enhanced COVID-19 triage and testing in dental offices. It will provide preliminary data to support a larger network-wide study grant application aimed at developing protocols to address safety concerns of patients and DHCWs in a peri–COVID-19 pandemic era. Methods The feasibility study is being conducted in 4 private dental practices, each of which has a dentist member of the National Dental Practice–Based Research Network. Participants include the DHCWs and patients of the dental practice. Study procedures include completion of COVID-19 triage, completion of COVID-19 testing (point-of-care [POC] or laboratory-based [LAB] SARS-CoV-2 viral, antigen, and antibody tests based on office designation), and administration of perception and attitude surveys for participating DCHWs and patients of the dental practice over a defined study period. The office designation and the participant’s role in the practice determines which testing protocol is executed within the office. There are 4 study groups following 4 distinct protocols: (1) POC DHCWs, (2) POC patients, (3) LAB DHCWs, and (4) LAB patients. Results Data collection began in December of 2021 and concluded in March 2022. Study results are expected to be published in fall 2022. Conclusions The results of this feasibility study will help identify the viability and functionality of COVID-19 triage and testing in dental practices and inform a larger network-wide study grant application that develops protocols that address safety concerns of patients and DHCWs in a COVID-19 environment. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NTC05123742; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05123742?term=NCT05123742 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/38386

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E-Triage Systems for COVID-19 Outbreak: Review and Recommendations

Cited by 19 publications

References 75 publications

Oral Adverse Events Following COVID-19 Vaccination: Analysis of VAERS Reports

Oral Adverse Events Following COVID-19 Vaccination: Analysis of VAERS Reports

Oral side effects of COVID‐19 vaccines in 32 European countries: Analysis of EudraVigilance reports

The Pragmatic Return to Effective Dental Infection Control Through Triage and Testing (PREDICT) Study: Protocol for a Prospective Clinical Study in the National Dental Practice–Based Research Network

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