E pluribus unum: Dual identity and minority group members' motivation to engage in contact, as well as social change

Glasford, Demis E.; Dovidio, John F.

doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2011.03.021

Cited by 82 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…However, contrary to the results of Verkuyten et al (2014), our results revealed that onegroup and not dual-identity is one of the underlying mechanisms that accounts for the positive effects of indispensability. This is consistent with previous research showing that majority groups tend to prefer a one-group assimilationist model, whereas minorities tend to favor multiculturalism/integration (e.g., Dovidio et al, 2001;Glasford & Dovidio, 2011;Verkuyten, 2006). Unexpectedly, given their reputation for being competent and hardworking (Lages et al, 2006), Ukrainian immigrants were not rated as the most functionally indispensable group relative to Africans and Brazilians.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…(iii) Overall, we expect that perceiving immigrants to be indispensable to the national identity or to the functioning of society will be associated with more inclusive group representations. However, because majority groups tend to prefer a one-group assimilationist model, whereas minorities tend to favor multiculturalism/integration (e.g., Dovidio, et al, 2001;Glasford & Dovidio, 2011;Verkuyten, 2006), we expect that one-group and not dual-identity representation will be the underlying mechanism that accounts for the positive effects of perceived identity and functional indispensability among native Portuguese. That is, we expect that high perceived indispensability of immigrants will trigger the representation that most effectively promotes the majority group's integration goals, that is, assimilationist model (Hehman et al, 2012).…”

Section: Present Researchmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Do we need them? When immigrant communities are perceived as indispensable to national identity or functioning of the host society

Guerra

Gaertner

António

et al. 2015

Euro J Social Psych

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This study proposed a new perspective to look at the consequences of the formation of immigrant communities in globalized societies, by investigating the impact of two forms of group indispensability on majority attitudes towards immigrants. Specifically, it explored whether perceived indispensability of different immigrant groups to the national identity and their contributions to the functioning of the host society are related to the development of more positive attitudes towards them. We also explored whether such effects would be mediated by the inclusion of immigrants within the national common identity and whether these effects would be stronger among host country members with a stronger civic than ethnic conception of national citizenship. Results supported these predictions among a sample of native Portuguese citizens (N = 118). As predicted, these effects were driven by perceptions of different types of indispensability for three immigrant groups in Portugal, who differed in their historical relations with the host society.'U.S. desperately needs immigrants and a strategy to get the right ones '-(Forbes, 2012) In 2013, the International Organization for Migration (2013) showed that the number of international migrants worldwide reached 232 million and argued that as globalization increased, migration became one of the key challenges of the 21st century (International Organization for Migration, 2013). There is some consensus that globalization (and its consequent changes in global production, innovation and technology) is a significant force increasing the demand for the international movement of workers. Indeed, world migration trends are changing, and new immigrant communities are becoming increasingly diverse and fluid, as people move with greater frequency over greater distances. These changes in migration patterns are found in several European countries that traditionally have been culturally and ethnically homogeneous. With globalization, these countries (e. g., Italy, Germany) are becoming increasingly diverse. This increased diversity poses several challenges to host societies, including how to successfully integrate culturally, linguistically, and religiously diverse migrants into the host society, and how to address questions about their rights to citizenship.Social psychological research shows variability in reactions to the increased flow of people from foreign cultures, depending upon, for example, a citizen's political ideology (Schwartz, Vignoles, Brown, & Zagefka, 2014), the perceived threat to the national identity (Louis, Esses, & Lalonde, 2013), and the degree of perceived competition for resources posed by immigrants (Esses, Brochu, & Dickson, 2012). Furthermore, research about the consequences of integrating immigrant communities has focused on either (i) the perspective of immigrants, such as how acculturation orientations relate to their psychological well-being (e.g., Celenk & van de Vijver, 2014), or (ii) the perspective of the host society, such as their perceptions ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Present Researchmentioning

confidence: 94%

Do we need them? When immigrant communities are perceived as indispensable to national identity or functioning of the host society

Guerra

Gaertner

António

et al. 2015

Euro J Social Psych

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“…Este estudo permitiu também confirmar que grupos maioritários tendem a preferir o modelo assimilacionista de grupo--único, tal como em estudos anteriores (Guerra et al, 2015;Verkuyten, 2006). No entanto, contrariamente ao encontrado anteriormente (e.g., Glasford & Dovidio, 2011;Ufkes et al, 2015), foi a representação identitária de grupo-único (e não a de dupla-identidade) que esteve relacionada com o aumento de apoio a manifestações de mudança social. A interacção entre identidades étnicas e nacionais (subgrupos e identidades comuns) é complexa e depende largamente do contexto social.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Se por um lado criar identidades mais inclusivas, onde deixa de existir a separação "nós" vs. "eles" leva a relações intergrupais mais harmoniosas (Dovidio, Gaertner, & Saguy, 2009), por outro, representações identitárias mais assimilacionistas que não mantém qualquer diferenciação subgrupal reduzem ou inibem a participação em acções colectivas, em parte porque reduzem as emoções negativas sentidas face à injustiça, e ainda porque reduzem as percepções de desigualdades entre os grupos (Dovidio et al, 2009). Um estudo recente que se focou nas motivações dos membros de grupos desfavorecidos para a mudança social, demonstrou que representações identitárias de dupla--identidade (i.e., com ênfase nas semelhanças e diferenças entre grupos) levaram a maior desejo de contacto e mudança social, do que representações mais inclusivas de grupo-único (Glasford & Dovidio, 2011). Os autores defendem que um foco nas representações de duplas-identidades (multiculturalismo) pode, na perspectiva dos membros de grupos desfavorecidos, levar a mudança social positiva de duas formas, isto é, de forma indirecta, através de uma melhoria nas relações com grupos favorecidos e de forma mais directa, através das motivações para a mudança social.…”

Section: Representações Identitárias E Acção Colectivaunclassified

Percepções dos portugueses sobre os imigrantes: indispensabilidade, acção colectiva e distância social

António

Guerra

Gaertner

et al. 2017

Análise Psicológica

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O presente estudo analisa o impacto de diferentes formas de indispensabilidade grupal na acção colectiva e distância social de um grupo maioritário em relação a diferentes grupos de imigrantes. Mais especificamente, examinamos se a indispensabilidade percebida de diferentes grupos de imigrantes, para a identidade nacional e para o funcionamento da sociedade, (a) reduz a distância social e (b) aumenta o apoio a acções colectivas que beneficiam os imigrantes, (c) através da adopção de diferentes representações grupais (grupo-único, dupla-identidade). 172 Portugueses nativos preencheram um questionário com as medidas de interesse. Os resultados revelaram a mediação esperada. As percepções dos Portugueses acerca da indispensabilidade dos imigrantes estavam associadas a menor distância social e a uma maior participação em acções colectivas, através da adopção de representações identitárias mais inclusivas. Replicando estudos anteriores, estes efeitos positivos devem-se a diferentes tipos de indispensabilidade, para os diferentes grupos de imigrantes, dadas as diferenças nas suas relações históricas com a sociedade de acolhimento.

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“…Furthermore, a particular overlapping of ethnic and national self-definitions labeled dual identity (i.e., identifying as both a member of the ethnic minority and of the national group) has been shown to uniquely predict support for ethnic minority activism (e.g., Simon and Ruhs, 2008; Simon and Grabow, 2010; see also Verkuyten, 2016, for the effects of normative contexts in this process). For example, in the US, Glasford and Dovidio (2011) found that ethnic minority members exposed to a dual identity representation (as both American and member of an ethnic group) were more motivated to address disparities during intergroup interactions compared to participants exposed to a common ingroup representation (as solely American). The mobilizing effect of ethno-national identification stresses an important feature of minority activism: when minority group members become active, they do so because their minority identity is defined in terms integrating the “more inclusive societal context in which this struggle has to be fought out” (Simon and Klandermans, 2001, p. 319; see also van Zomeren, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Identification Counteracts the Sedative Effect of Positive Intergroup Contact on Ethnic Activism

2017

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Positive intergroup contact with socially and economically advantaged national majorities has been shown to reduce ethnic identification among minorities, thereby undermining ethnic minority activism. This finding implies that ethnic identity is the relevant social identity driving ethnic minorities’ struggle for equality. We argue that the study of the “sedating” effect of positive intergroup contact for minorities should be more nuanced. The existence of multiple and sometimes interplaying social identities can foster a reinterpretation of the meaning of “ethnic” activism. This study therefore examines how the interplay of ethnic and national identities shapes the sedating effect of contact on minority activism. We expect national identification to buffer the sedated activism resulting from reduced ethnic identification. That is, the mediation from intergroup contact to reduced ethnic activism through weakened ethnic identification is expected to be moderated by national identification. With survey data from Bulgaria, we investigated support for ethnic activism among Bulgarian Roma (N = 320) as a function of their contact with the national majority as well as their degree of ethnic and national identification. The predicted moderated mediation was revealed: a negative indirect relationship between contact and activism through decreased ethnic identification occurred among Roma with low national identification, whereas no sedating effect occurred among Roma identifying strongly as members of the Bulgarian nation. We discuss the meaning of national identification for the Roma minority, who experience harsh discrimination in countries where they have been historically settled, as well as convergence of these findings with work on dual identification. We highlight the role of interacting social identities in mobilizing resources for activism and the importance of adopting a critical view on ethnic discourse when studying activism in both traditional and immigrant minorities.

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E pluribus unum: Dual identity and minority group members' motivation to engage in contact, as well as social change

Cited by 82 publications

References 31 publications

Do we need them? When immigrant communities are perceived as indispensable to national identity or functioning of the host society

Do we need them? When immigrant communities are perceived as indispensable to national identity or functioning of the host society

Percepções dos portugueses sobre os imigrantes: indispensabilidade, acção colectiva e distância social

National Identification Counteracts the Sedative Effect of Positive Intergroup Contact on Ethnic Activism

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