“…There are exceptions such as in mathematics education, where well-understood misconceptions and the appearance of common errors have provided the basis for more sophisticated intelligent and adaptive assessment systems. Reviews by Bescherer, Kortenkamp, Müller, and Spannagel (2009), Bescherer, Herding, Kortenkamp, Müller, and Zimmermann (2012) of e-assessment systems in mathematics distinguish between systems that are ''automated,'' offering students generic responses, ''intelligent'' in that they identify common misconceptions or patterns of errors, and those that are ''adaptive,'' offering students tailored content and activities according to patterns in their responses to questions and problems. Semantic web technologies could be integrated into all of these categories of e-assessment software, but offer particular advantages in those that are considered ''intelligent'' or ''adaptive.''…”