Dyslipidemia, obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors in the adult population in Senegal

Abstract

IntroductionAccording to the WHO, 50% of deaths worldwide (40.1% in developing countries) are due to chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Of these chronic NCDs, cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of death and disability in developed countries. The Framingham study has shown the importance of hypercholesterolemia as a primary risk factor. In Senegal, the epidemiology of dyslipidemia and obesity are still poorly understood due to the lack of comprehensive studies on their impact on the general population. This motivated this study to look into the key epidemiologic and socio-demographic determinants of these risk factors.MethodsIt was a cross-sectional descriptive epidemiological survey which included 1037 individuals selected by cluster sampling. Data were collected using a questionnaire following the WHO STEPwise approach. Socio-demographic, health and biomedical variables were collected. P value <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.ResultsThe average age was 48 years with a female predominance (M: F of 0.6). The literacy rate was 65.2% and 44.7% of participants were from rural areas. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, hyperLDLemia, hypoHDLemia, hypertriglyceridemia and mixed hyperlipidemia were 56%, 22.5%, 12.4%, 7.11% and 1.9% respectively. One in four was obese (BMI> 30kg/m2) and 34.8% had abdominal obesity. The main factors significantly associated with dyslipidemia were obesity, urban dwelling, physical inactivity and a family history of dyslipidemia.ConclusionThe prevalence of dyslipidemia, obesity and other risk factors in the population was high needing immediate care for those affected and implementation of prevention strategies.

Association between blood Pressure, waist circumference, cholesterolaemia and triglyceridaemia in a population of Cameroonian adults

“…Furthermore, we found a significant positive correlation between SBP, DBP, MAP and triglycerides one hand, and SBP, DBP, MAP and total cholesterol on the other (P < 0.01). The results of our study are consistent with previous literature data on this aspect (18,26,28,29).…”

“…The prevalence of h y p e r t r i g l y c e r i d a e m i a a n d hypercholesterolaemia were 11.70% and 51.94% respectively. Compared with the results of other authors, our results are similar to those of a Senegalese study (26). However, we recorded a wide disparity in the prevalence rates of h y p e r t r i g l y c e r i d a e m i a a n d hypercholesterolaemia compared with previous literature (4,18,(26)(27)(28).…”

Dietary determinants of serum total cholesterol among middle-aged and older adults: a population-based cross-sectional study in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

“…A repeated cross-sectional study reported an increase over time in the prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia in Dar es Salaam with a prevalence of 17% in 1987 vs 30% in 1998 in men, and 7% vs 50% in women 39. The prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia in our sample was higher than that reported by studies conducted between 2008 and 2014 in rural Uganda (3% men, 8% women),9 peri-urban Nigeria (2% men, 6% women)8 and blacks in urban South Africa (25% men, 23% women),41 but is lower than that reported in a study from Senegal (54% men, 61% women) that included both urban and rural participants 42…”

Evaluation of lipid profile pattern and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) having type-2 diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh

“…22,23 By contrast in Senegal and in Nigeria reported a low prevalence of dyslipidemia (63.8%, 60.5%, respectively). 24,25 Therefore, the overall prevalence of dyslipidemia varies from one country to another. The increasing prevalence of dyslipidemia in this study may be attributed to the current trend toward urbanization and adoption of western diet and lifestyle which have inadvertently resulted in the higher incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus with its attendant metabolic abnormalities.…”