Dyslipidemia in Pregnancy

Wild, Robert A.; Weedin, Elizabeth A.; Wilson, Don P.

doi:10.1016/j.ccl.2015.01.002

Cited by 47 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Unfortunately, lipids and lipoproteins are not measured routinely during pregnancy, even though women with PE usually have an atherogenic lipid profile and oxidised lipoproteins [ 7 ], representing a direct influence on the foetal cholesterol pool. The exposure of the foetus to very high levels of lipoprotein oxidative products could result in programming of foetal arterial tissue with a predisposition to atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk later in life [ 34 ]. Recent discoveries in foetuses, 6-month-old infants and children of mothers with hypercholesterolemia revealed aortic atherosclerosis and early formation of fatty streaks, making these children more prone to metabolic complications in adult life [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During healthy pregnancy, there is an increase in oxygen demand coupled with an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) to carry out signaling for physiological processes in pregnancy, such as oocyte maturation, ovarian steroidogenesis, ovulation, implantation, blastocyst formation, luteolysis and luteal maintenance [ 4 , 5 ]. Preeclamptic women can present associated endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia and exacerbated systemic production of free radicals [ 6 ]. Specifically, our working group previously demonstrated that low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-c) and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) in preeclamptic women increase both lipid and protein oxidation products, which has been associated with the intensity of damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxidative modifications of foetal LDL-c and HDL-c lipoproteins in preeclampsia

et al. 2018

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BackgroundOxidative modifications have been observed in lipids and proteins in lipoproteins isolated from women with preeclampsia. Thus, newborns could also be susceptible to this damage directly through their mothers. In this study, we evaluated the oxidative profile of LDL-c and HDL-c lipoproteins isolated from the umbilical cord from newborns born to women with preeclampsia.MethodsThirty newborns born to women with preeclampsia and thirty newborns born to women with healthy pregnancies were included. Lipid-damage biomarkers, including conjugated dienes, lipohydroperoxides and malondialdehyde, were measured. The reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium, formation of dityrosines, and carbonylation of proteins were assessed as indicators of protein damage. The protective activity of paraoxonase-I on HDL-c particles was evaluated. The total antioxidant capacity and lipid profiles were quantified in plasma. Data were analysed using Student’s t-tests and Pearson correlation coefficients.ResultsCompared with the control group, the preeclampsia group had an increase in the percentage of lipid damage in both lipoproteins. There was an increase of 23.3 and 19.9% for conjugated dienes, 82.4 and 21.1% for lipohydroperoxides, and 103.8 and 51.5% for malondialdehyde in LDL-c and HDL-c, respectively. However, these infants did not show evident damage in protein oxidation. The activity of the enzyme paraoxonase-I was decreased by 36.2%; by contrast, the total antioxidant capacity was increased by 40% (protein) and 28.8% (non-protein).ConclusionsThe oxidative modifications that occur in HDL-c and LDL-c isolated from newborns from women with preeclampsia are mainly caused by lipoperoxidation processes related to evident paraoxonase-I inactivation. The absence of protein damage is likely linked to an increase in total antioxidant capacity. Therefore, antioxidant support could be helpful in reducing oxidative stress in mother/newborn dyads.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative modifications of foetal LDL-c and HDL-c lipoproteins in preeclampsia

et al. 2018

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“…Accumulating evidence indicates that imbalanced lipid levels during pregnancy may alter fetal lipid metabolism, thereby impacting fetal growth and birth weight, and the metabolism of both the mother and her offspring [10][11][12]. During pregnancy, pronounced changes in lipid metabolism occur characterized by an elevation of maternal lipids to support the physiological adaptation to gestation and the nutritional and hormonal needs of the gestating mother and the growing fetus [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal plasma lipid levels across pregnancy and the risks of small-for-gestational age and low birth weight: a cohort study from rural Gambia

Okala

Sise

Sosseh

et al. 2020

BMC Pregnancy Childbirth

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Background: Sub-optimal maternal lipid levels during pregnancy may be implicated in the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to low birth weight (LBW) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA). We aimed to determine whether maternal lipid levels across pregnancy were associated with birth weight and the risks of LBW and SGA in rural Gambia. Methods: This secondary analysis of the ENID trial involved 573 pregnant women with term deliveries. Plasma levels of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc), and triglycerides (TG) were analyzed at enrolment (mean (SD) = 13.9 (3.3) weeks gestation), 20 and 30 weeks gestation as continuous variables and percentile groups. Regression models with adjustment for confounders were used to examine associations between gestational lipid levels and birth weight and the risks of LBW (birth weight < 2500 g) and SGA (<10th percentile INTERGROWTH-21ST for birth weight). Results: There were 7.9% LBW and 32.5% SGA infants. At enrolment, every unit increase in HDL-c was associated with a 2.7% (P = 0.011) reduction in relative risk of LBW. At 20 weeks gestation, every unit increase in TC levels was associated with a 1.3% reduction in relative risk of LBW (P = 0.002). Low (<10th percentile) HDL-c at enrolment or at 20 weeks gestation was associated with a 2.6 (P = 0.007) and 3.0 (P = 0.003) times greater risk of LBW, respectively, compared with referent (10th─90th) HDL-c. High (>90th percentile) LDL-c at 30 weeks gestation was associated with a 55% lower risk of SGA compared with referent LDL-c (P = 0.017). Increased levels of TC (β = 1.3, P = 0.027) at 20 weeks gestation and of TC (β = 1.2, P = 0.006) and LDL-c (β = 1.5, P = 0.002) at 30 weeks gestation were all associated with higher birth weight.

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“…Some considerations include diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, hypercortisolism, metabolic syndrome, growth hormone deficiency, pregnancy, drug and medication use, acute and chronic hepatitis, nephrotic syndrome, chronic kidney disease etc. [25][26][27][28][29][30][31].…”

Section: Diagnostic Considerations In Pediatric Dyslipidemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Statin Therapy in Children

Sunil¹,

Ashraf²

2021

Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Pathology

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Landmark studies such as the Bogalusa Heart study, Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth study, and Muscatine and Young Finns studies established that the atherosclerotic process begins in childhood. Early precursors of atherosclerosis may increase risk of cardiovascular morbidity in adulthood. Followup studies of children with familial homozygous hypercholesterolemia showed that initiation of statin therapy slowed the progression of carotid intima-media thickness and reduced cardiovascular disease risk. Despite the growing evidence on the efficacy of statins and a rising prevalence of dyslipidemia, there are concerns regarding long-term safety and efficacy. Moreover, data on statin use in children with secondary dyslipidemia are sparse. This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the current state of literature on the indications, contraindications, efficacy and safety data on the use of statins in pediatric dyslipidemia.

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Dyslipidemia in Pregnancy

Cited by 47 publications

References 33 publications

Oxidative modifications of foetal LDL-c and HDL-c lipoproteins in preeclampsia

Oxidative modifications of foetal LDL-c and HDL-c lipoproteins in preeclampsia

Maternal plasma lipid levels across pregnancy and the risks of small-for-gestational age and low birth weight: a cohort study from rural Gambia

Statin Therapy in Children

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