Dyslipidaemia in South Africa

Ntusi, Ntobeko

doi:10.7196/samj.2018.v108i4.13265

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…However, community-based surveys conducted in South Africa reported a prevalence of up to 93.5% in the general public 1 , 3 . The high burden of dyslipidaemia among South Africans is accompanied by low treatment and control rates of co-morbidities, such as DM and hypertension, as well as an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular diseases 5 – 7 . Nonetheless, the severity and determinants of dyslipidaemia among South African adults with DM and hypertension is unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, patterns and determinants of dyslipidaemia among South African adults with comorbidities

Masilela

Adeniyi

Benjeddou

2022

Sci Rep

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The present study assessed the prevalence, patterns and determinants of dyslipidaemia among South African adults with multi-morbidities. In this study, 614 individuals with DM and hypertension were recruited. Dyslipidaemia was defined as elevated levels of total cholesterol (TC) ≥ 5.2 mmol/L and/or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ≥ 2.6 mmol/L, triglycerides (TG) ≥ 1.8 mmol/L and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) < 1 mmol/L for men and < 1.2 mmol/L for women. Multivariate regression model (adjusted) analysis was used to identify the significant determinants of dyslipidaemia. The prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 76.7% (n = 471), with females showing the highest prevalence 357 (75.79%). Elevated TG (62.21%) was the most prevalent form of dyslipidemia. Only 103 (16.77%) participants were on statin therapy. The multivariate logistic regression model analysis (adjusted) showed that, the Zulu ethnicity (AOR = 2.45; 95%CI 1.48–4.05) was associated with high TC. DM (AOR = 2.00; 95%CI 1.30–3.06) and the female sex (AOR = 2.54; 95%CI 1.56–4.12) were associated with low HDL-C. Obesity (AOR = 1.57; 95%CI 1.12–2.21) and the Zulu ethnicity (AOR = 1.60; 95%CI 1.00–2.54) were associated with elevated LDL-C. DM (AOR = 2.32; 95%CI 1.61–3.34) was associated with elevated TG. We found a high prevalence of dyslipidaemia. The study further demonstrated that prevention and treatment of dyslipidaemia should be prioritised among individuals with multi-morbidities.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, patterns and determinants of dyslipidaemia among South African adults with comorbidities

Masilela

Adeniyi

Benjeddou

2022

Sci Rep

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“…[11] In the 2020 SA dyslipidaemia guidelines, CKD is considered to be high risk if the eGFR is 30 -59 mL/min/1.73m 2 , and very high risk if the eGFR is <30 mL/ min/1.73m 2 . [6] The recommended LDL-C targets are in keeping with those of the ESC. The recommended dose of statin is based on the target LDL-C, starting LDL-C level and the percentage reduction in LDL-C required in order to achieve target.…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The recommended dose of statin is based on the target LDL-C, starting LDL-C level and the percentage reduction in LDL-C required in order to achieve target. [6] For patients at high to very high risk, high-intensity statins such as atorvastatin 80 mg or rosuvastatin 40 mg daily are recommended. [6] The American College of Cardiology (ACC) advises the use of a statin in all patients with CKD stage 1 -5 not on haemodialysis, and in those who have had a renal transplant.…”

Section: Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Increasing urbanisation has resulted in reduced physical activity and greater exposure to unhealthy diets. [6] Dyslipidaemia also co-exists with traditional risk factors for ASCVD (diabetes, hypertension, smoking, obesity and gout) as well as HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART). [6] Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a risk factor for ASCVD, with a 10-fold higher prevalence of ASCVD in CKD.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6] Dyslipidaemia also co-exists with traditional risk factors for ASCVD (diabetes, hypertension, smoking, obesity and gout) as well as HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART). [6] Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a risk factor for ASCVD, with a 10-fold higher prevalence of ASCVD in CKD. Moreover, the risk of ASCVD increases progressively as renal function declines.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Dyslipidaemia in patients with chronic kidney disease – a neglected cardiovascular risk factor

Essop,

Seedat,

Raal

2023

S Afr Med J

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Background. Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). In addition, CKD itself is a coronary artery disease equivalent due to its atherogenic potential. Despite the role of CKD in ASCVD and recommendations to control lipid levels aggressively, landmark lipid studies have often excluded patients with advanced CKD. Furthermore, there is a scarcity of data on the use and efficacy of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) in those with CKD in South Africa (SA). Objectives. To determine the prevalence and control of dyslipidaemia in a cohort of SA patients with CKD. Methods. A retrospective, cross-sectional observational study of 250 patients with CKD attending the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital renal clinic from 1 July 2019 to 31 July 2020 was carried out. Lipograms, the use of LLT and achievement of target lipid levels were examined. Results. The median (interquartile range) age of this cohort was 58 (46 - 69) years; 50.4% were males and 64.4% black African. Dyslipidaemia was prevalent in 83.6% (n=209) of patients. A total of 169 (67.6%) patients were on LLT, and of these only 28 (16.6%) achieved the recommended low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) target. Of those not on LLT, 51 (63%) were eligible for LLT and almost all were classified as either very high risk (64.2%) or high risk (28.4%) for ASCVD. Of those on LLT, all were on statin therapy, of which simvastatin at a mean dose of 20 mg daily was the most commonly prescribed LLT. Conclusion. This cohort comprised a large proportion of patients classified as high or very high risk for ASCVD. Despite this, the use of LLT was inadequate, and <20% of patients were at target LDL-C levels. These data suggest a greater need for awareness of initiating LLT to achieve recommended target LDL-C levels in patients with CKD.

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Development of a Structural Equation Model to Examine the Relationships between Genetic Polymorphisms and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

2023

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Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have been used to discover genetic polymorphisms that affect cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Structural equation modelling (SEM) has been identified as a robust multivariate analysis tool. However, there is a paucity of research that has conducted SEM in African populations. The purpose of this study was to create a model that may be used to examine the relationships between genetic polymorphisms and their respective cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors. The procedure involved three steps. Firstly, the creation of latent variables and the hypothesis model. Next, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to examine the relationships between the latent variables, SNPs, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome, with their respective indicators. Then finally, model fitting using JASP statistical software v.0.16.4.0. The indicators for the SNPs and dyslipidemia all indicated significant factor loadings, −0.96 to 0.91 (p = <0.001) and 0.92 to 0.96 (p ≤ 0.001), respectively. The indicators for metabolic syndrome also had significant coefficients of 0.20 (p = 0.673), 0.36 (p = 0.645) and 0.15 (p = 0.576), but they were not statistically significant. There were no significant relationships observed between the SNPs, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome. The SEM produced an acceptable model according to the fit indices.

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Dyslipidaemia in South Africa

Abstract: This open-access article is distributed under Creative Commons licence CC-BY-NC 4.0.

Cited by 3 publications

References 9 publications

Prevalence, patterns and determinants of dyslipidaemia among South African adults with comorbidities

Prevalence, patterns and determinants of dyslipidaemia among South African adults with comorbidities

Dyslipidaemia in patients with chronic kidney disease – a neglected cardiovascular risk factor

Development of a Structural Equation Model to Examine the Relationships between Genetic Polymorphisms and Cardiovascular Risk Factors

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