Dysfunctions of the translational machinery in digestive glands of mussels exposed to mercury ions

Oxidative Damage of Mussels Living in Seawater Enriched with Trace Metals, from the Viewpoint of Proteins Expression and Modification

“…Cell-free lysates were centrifuged at 100,000×g for 7.5 h at 4 °C . The pellet including ribosomes and polysomes was treated with puromycin (0.5 mM) in the presence of 0.5 M ammonium chloride [15]. After a centrifugation at 100,000×g for 7.5 h at 4 °C, the pellet was used for ribosomal preparation [10], while the supernatant was concentrated with ammonium sulphate treatment and used as fraction enriched in translation factors, named Washed Ribosomal Factors (FWR) fraction.…”

“…However, large concentrations of Cu become harmful [3,4], because of its propensity to mediate the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [4,5]. In addition, Cu reacts with thiol groups, and thus is able to bind cysteine and inactivates proteins [6], induces the expression of metallothionein (MT) genes [7,8], cause lysosomal membrane destabilization [9,10,11,12] and perturbs the nucleus integrity [10,11,12,13,14,15]. Similarly, Cd inactivates many functional proteins by inducing widespread misfolding and aggregation through binding to S, N and O protein metal concentration was maintained.…”

Oxidative Damage of Mussels Living in Seawater Enriched with Trace Metals, from the Viewpoint of Proteins Expression and Modification

“…However, large concentrations of Cu become harmful [3,4] because of its propensity to mediate the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [4,5]. In addition, Cu reacts with thiol groups; thus, it is able to bind cysteine and inactivates proteins [6], induces the expression of metallothionein (MT) genes [7,8], causes lysosomal membrane destabilization [9][10][11][12], and perturbs the nucleus integrity [10][11][12][13][14][15]. Similarly, Cd inactivates many functional proteins by inducing widespread misfolding and aggregation through binding to S, N, and O protein atoms [16], destabilizes lysosomal membranes [10], and induces the expression of MT genes [8].…”

“…In the last few years, toxicological studies have started to investigate the functional and structural aberrations in the translation machinery upon the exposure to trace metals [22][23][24]. It has been realized that a general translation response to metal toxicity is the repression of global protein synthesis, inducing in parallel specific proteins overexpression, including mostly antioxidant defense and heat shock proteins [11,14,15,[25][26][27]. The toxicity is also correlated with gene expression and regulation.…”

Enhanced Peroxidase Mimetic Activity of Magnetic Porous Carbon (MPC) Utilized in Colorimetric Sensing of Hg (II) Ions in Aqueous Medium

“…Mercury ion contamination in natural aquatic system causes severe threats to the humans and the environment in the current century. [1,2] The report of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) permits the maximum level of Hg 2 + in drinking water upto10 nM. [3] Even at a trace level, Hg 2 + severely affects the human body systems [4] such as nervous, digestive, respiratory, renal etc.…”