Dysentery as the only presentation of COVID-19 in a child: a case report

Tariverdi, Marjan; Farahbakhsh, Nazanin; Gouklani, Hamed; Khosravifar, Fatemeh; Tamaddondar, Mohammad

doi:10.1186/s13256-021-02672-1

Cited by 10 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The broad variety of potential causative agents of infectious gastroenteritis remains another challenge. This includes emerging new pathogens, as recently demonstrated by the causal association of SARS-CoV-2 detection in a stool sample of a child with diarrhoea in Iran [ 141 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Developments in PCR-Based Diagnostics for Bacterial Pathogens Causing Gastrointestinal Infections—A Narrative Mini-Review on Challenges in the Tropics

Loderstädt

Hagen

Hahn³

et al. 2021

TropicalMed

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The application of modern PCR approaches for the diagnosis of bacterial gastrointestinal pathogens is on the rise due to their rapidly available results combined with high sensitivity. While multiple studies describe the ongoing implementation of this technique for routine diagnostic purposes in laboratories in Western industrialized countries, reports on successful and also sustainable respective approaches in resource-poor tropical settings are still scarce. In order to shed light on potential reasons for this marked discrepancy, this narrative review summarizes identified challenges for the application of diagnostic PCR targeting bacterial gastrointestinal pathogens from stool samples in the tropics. The identified and discussed issues comprise the lack of generally accepted definitions for (1) minimum standards regarding sample acquisition, storage and transport time for diagnostic PCR analyses in the tropics, (2) nucleic acid extraction standards allowing an optimum detection of all types of pathogens which may be responsible for gastroenteritis in the tropics, (3) validation standards to ensure comparable quality of applied diagnostic assays, and (4) cut-offs for a reliable discrimination of infection and mere colonization in areas where semi-immunity due to repeated exposition associated with poor hygiene conditions has to be expected. Further implementation research is needed to solve those issues.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Developments in PCR-Based Diagnostics for Bacterial Pathogens Causing Gastrointestinal Infections—A Narrative Mini-Review on Challenges in the Tropics

Loderstädt

Hagen

Hahn³

et al. 2021

TropicalMed

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“…These manifestations include anorexia, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting and have been reported in both adults and children [35]. Dysentery can be the only manifestation of COVID-19 infection [36]. Some of these manifestations may be associated with intestinal parasitic infection as well.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of stool and urine parameters correlation to CRP and D-dimer in COVID-19 infected adults and their contact children

Hassanin

Abbas²,

Alaa³

et al. 2021

Microbes and Infectious Diseases

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Aim is to depict suggestive urine and stool parameters in asymptomatic suspected contact children living with COVID-19 infected adults. These parameters will facilitate identifying children who deserve the confirmatory diagnosis of COVID-19 by PCR test. Methods: Study was conducted in the National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research institute (NHTMRI) Cairo, Egypt. It included 66 mild COVID-19 adult patients (group1) and their 82 asymptomatic contact children (group 2). Results: In group 1, both C reactive protein (CRP) and D-dimer levels were significantly high. C reactive protein was significantly positively correlated with urinary microalbumin> 30, albumin/ creatinine ratio and urine pus >10 cells / HPF and significantly negatively correlated with vitamin C. Ddimer was significantly negatively correlated with vitamin C. In group 2, CRP and D-dimer were significantly negatively correlated with urine specific gravity (SG), urinary vitamin C. CRP was significantly negatively correlated with stool pus > 10 cells/ HPF, while D-dimer was significantly positively correlated with stool occult blood. Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) analysis revealed that urine SG showed the highest area under the curve (AUC); 0.859, 0.96, sensitivity of 100%, 100% and specificity of 71.8%, 77.8% with reference to Ddimer and CRP; respectively. Conclusions: In contact children of adult COVID-19 proved infection, urine SG, stool occult blood and stool pus > 10 cells/ HPF can be feasible tool for suspected COVID-19 infection, based on its results COVID-19 PCR request can be an imperative option to confirm the diagnosis; particularly in developing countries where detection of COVID -19 by PCR is not readily feasible.

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“…For fecal samples, 18 studies had 100 % detection rate 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , indicating significant presence of viral RNA in feces of infected patients. These studies are not displayed in Fig.…”

Section: Detection Of Sars‐cov‐2 In Feces and Raw Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Review and Meta‐Analysis: SARS‐CoV‐2 and Enveloped Virus Detection in Feces and Wastewater

Twigg

Wenk

2022

ChemBioEng Reviews

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Detection and quantification of viruses supplies key information on their spread and allows risk assessment for public health. In wastewater, existing detection methods have been focusing on non‐enveloped enteric viruses due to enveloped virus transmission, such as coronaviruses, by the fecal‐oral route being less likely. Since the beginning of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, interest and importance of enveloped virus detection in wastewater has increased. Here, quantitative studies on SARS‐CoV‐2 occurrence in feces and raw wastewater and other enveloped viruses via quantitative real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) during the early stage of the pandemic until April 2021 are reviewed, including statistical evaluation of the positive detection rate and efficiency throughout the detection process involving concentration, extraction, and amplification stages. Optimized and aligned sampling protocols and concentration methods for enveloped viruses, along with SARS‐CoV‐2 surrogates, in wastewater environments may improve low and variable recovery rates providing increased detection efficiency and comparable data on viral load measured across different studies.

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Dysentery as the only presentation of COVID-19 in a child: a case report

Cited by 10 publications

References 11 publications

New Developments in PCR-Based Diagnostics for Bacterial Pathogens Causing Gastrointestinal Infections—A Narrative Mini-Review on Challenges in the Tropics

New Developments in PCR-Based Diagnostics for Bacterial Pathogens Causing Gastrointestinal Infections—A Narrative Mini-Review on Challenges in the Tropics

Evaluation of stool and urine parameters correlation to CRP and D-dimer in COVID-19 infected adults and their contact children

Review and Meta‐Analysis: SARS‐CoV‐2 and Enveloped Virus Detection in Feces and Wastewater

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