Christine G, Budiarti S, Astuti RI. 2018. Diversity of urinary tract infection bacteria in children in Indonesia based onmetagenomic approach. Biodiversitas 19: 1375-1381. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial infection in childhood in bothmales and females. The infection is usually caused by bacterial invasion of the urinary tract including the lower and the upper urinarytract. In Indonesia, to the best our knowledge, the diversity of urinary tract infection bacteria has not been reported yet. Therefore, theaims of this study were to identify the diversity of both culturable and unculturable bacteria in children diagnosed with UTI. In thisstudy, urine samples were obtained from different age groups ranging 6-17 years. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence showed eightculturable isolates (SBU1, SBU2, SBU3, SBU4, SBU5, SBU6, SBU7, SBU8) are closely related to Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae,Enterobacter aerogenes, Citrobacter sp. and Acinetobacter sp. with maximum identity up to 98-99%. Diversity of unculturable bacteriacommunity based on 16S rRNA gene was represented by 9 DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis) bands. The ninerespective bands showed the similarity ranging from 84 up to 96% with Klebsiella sp, Escherichia sp., Lactococcus lactic, Shigellaflexneri and uncultured bacterium. Based on phylogenetic analysis, all culturable isolates belong to phylum Proteobacteria, which isdominated by family of Enterobacteriaceae. Interestingly, by using metagenomic approach, it is observed that bacteria belong to phylumFirmicutes were found in the UTI-diagnosed patients, in addition to those bacterial isolates from phylum Proteobacteria. To ourknowledge, this is the first study to report the occurrence of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in UTI-diagnosed patients in Indonesia.