Dynamics of Polymeric Solid Surfaces Treated with Oxygen Plasma: Effect of Aging Media after Plasma Treatment

Murakami, Tatsunosuke; Kuroda, Shin–ichi; Osawa, Zenjiro

doi:10.1006/jcis.1997.5386

Cited by 162 publications

(148 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…We observed that leaving the plasma treated substrates in air prior to bonding them for times as short as 5 min, resulted in decreased quality of adhesion. This observation was consistent with the expected rearrangement of the oxidized polymer chains at the PDMS surface (Morra et al 1990;Murakami et al 1998). …”

Section: Plasma Treatmentsupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The hydrophilic nature of such partially oxidized PDMS surfaces makes them unstable when exposed to hydrophobic medium, such as air (Morra et al 1990;Murakami et al 1998). Within hours, conformational rearrangements pull the partially oxidized polymer chains into the PDMS bulk and/or low-molecular weight nonoxidized polymer chains diffuse to the surface (Eddington et al 2006) leading to (1) surfaces covered with non-oxidized PDMS chains, (2) recovery of the surface hydrophobicity, and (3) loss of the PDMS adhesiveness.…”

Section: Plasma Treatments and Quality Of Adhesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dependence of the quality of adhesion between poly(dimethylsiloxane) and glass surfaces on the composition of the oxidizing plasma

Chau

Millare

Lin

et al. 2010

Microfluid Nanofluid

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Controlled surface oxidation of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is essential for permanent adhesion between device components composed of this elastomer. The permanent adhesion between such microdevice components results from covalent crosslinking across the interfaces between PDMS and other silica-based materials, such as glass, quartz, and PDMS. Optimal duration and conditions of oxidation, attained via treatments with oxygen-containing plasma, are crucial for microfabrication procedures with quantitative yields. While insufficient PDMS oxidation does not provide high enough surface density of siloxyl groups for cross-interface linking, overoxidation of PDMS yields rough silica surface layers that prevent the adhesion between flat substrates. Ideally, for a set of plasma conditions, the range of treatment durations producing permanent adhesion should be as broad as possible: i.e., the surface oxidation of PDMS sufficient for irreversible binding has to complete significantly before the effects of overoxidation become apparent. Such a requirement assures that relatively small fluctuations in the treatment conditions will not result in over-or under-oxidation and, hence, will not compromise the yields of the fabrication procedures. We examined the dependence of the quality of adhesion (QA) between plasma-treated PDMS and glass substrates on the composition of the oxygen-containing plasma and on the radio frequency (RF) of the plasma generator. We observed that plasma generated at megahertz RF provided superior conditions than kilohertz RF. Concurrently, an increase in the oxygen content of binary gas mixtures, used for the plasma, broadened the treatment durations that afford superior QA.

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Section: Plasma Treatmentsupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Plasma Treatments and Quality Of Adhesionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dependence of the quality of adhesion between poly(dimethylsiloxane) and glass surfaces on the composition of the oxidizing plasma

Chau

Millare

Lin

et al. 2010

Microfluid Nanofluid

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“…15,25,26 Oxygen-containing species are present even on native surfaces of "unoxidized" PS (not UVO oxidized) because surface oxidation occurs naturally for samples aging under ambient laboratory conditions; 29 native PS petri dishes have typically ∼1 atom % oxygen on their surface. 30,31 The oxidation of PS is restricted to its surface because the kinetics of oxidation of the surface of PS is much faster than that of the bulk as a consequence of the limited depth of penetration of UV light and the limited diffusion of ozone into the bulk. 28 Using measurements of contact angles, we correlated the concentrations N ox 's of oxygen-containing species on the surfaces of PS ox to the times of oxidation t ox 's (Figure 4a).…”

Section: I) the Numbers Of Oxygen-containing Groups Present On The Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Surface Modification and Moisture on the Rates of Charge Transfer between Metals and Organic Materials

et al. 2004

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This report is a study of the kinetics of contact charging resulting from the rolling of millimeter-sized metallic spheres on flat surfaces of polystyrene (PS). Charging was studied (i) for different values of the relative humidity (RH) of the air in contact with the system, (ii) in acidic and basic atmospheres, and (iii) for a series of PS surfaces oxidized to different degrees. The rates of charging increased with increasing RH; they were higher in basic atmospheres than in neutral or acidic ones and correlated with the numbers of hydrophilic groups on the surface of the polymer. These findings are consistent with a mechanism that implicates a thin film of water on the surface of PS as an important element of tribocharging in this system.

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“…The fluorine content decreased by 6% when samples were simply stored in ambient conditions for 30 days pointing towards a re-orientation/migration of the fluorine groups away from the surface during aging. The introduction of functional groups onto the surface of silicone has been recognized to lack stability due to the reorganization of silicone elastomers over time [26,27,29,31,32]. The phenomena of hydrophobic recovery upon PDMS plasma oxidation has been extensively investigated, and explained namely by the reorientation of surface hydrophilic groups towards the bulk and/or reorientation of non-polar groups in the bulk towards the surface, by the diffusion of pre-existing low molecular weight (LMW) species through the bulk to the surface, or migration of created LMW species during treatment to the surface [26].…”

Section: Chemical Composition and Stabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorination of poly(dimethylsiloxane) surfaces by low pressure CF4 plasma – physicochemical and antifouling properties

Cordeiro¹,

Nitschke²,

Janke³

et al. 2009

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Fluorinated surface groups were introduced into poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) coatings by plasma treatment using a low pressure radio frequency discharge operated with tetrafluoromethane. Substrates were placed in a remote position downstream the discharge. Discharge power and treatment time were tuned to alter the chemical composition of the plasma treated PDMS surface. The physicochemical properties and stability of the fluorine containing PDMS were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and contact angle measurements. Smooth PDMS coatings with a fluorine content up to 47% were attainable. The CF4 plasma treatment generated a harder, non-brittle layer at the top-most surface of the PDMS. No changes of surface morphology were observed upon one week incubation in aqueous media. Surprisingly, the PDMS surface was more hydrophilic after the introduction of fluorine. This may be explained by an increased exposure of oxygen containing moieties towards the surface upon re-orientation of fluorinated groups towards the bulk, and/or be a consequence of oxidation effects associated with the plasma treatment. Experiments with strains of marine bacteria with different surface energies, Cobetia marina and Marinobacter hydrocarbonoclasticus, showed a significant decrease of bacteria attachment upon fluorination of the PDMS surface. Altogether, the CF4 plasma treatments successfully introduced fluorinated groups into the PDMS, being a robust and versatile surface modification technology that may find application where a minimization of bacterial adhesion is required.

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Dynamics of Polymeric Solid Surfaces Treated with Oxygen Plasma: Effect of Aging Media after Plasma Treatment

Cited by 162 publications

References 22 publications

Dependence of the quality of adhesion between poly(dimethylsiloxane) and glass surfaces on the composition of the oxidizing plasma

Dependence of the quality of adhesion between poly(dimethylsiloxane) and glass surfaces on the composition of the oxidizing plasma

Effects of Surface Modification and Moisture on the Rates of Charge Transfer between Metals and Organic Materials

Fluorination of poly(dimethylsiloxane) surfaces by low pressure CF4 plasma – physicochemical and antifouling properties

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