Dynamics of Perceived Exertion in Constant-Power Cycling: Time- and Workload-Dependent Thresholds

Balagué, Natàlia; Hristovski, Robert; Garcia, Sergi Astals; Aguirre, Cecilia; Vázquez, Pablo; Razón, Selen; Tenenbaum, Gershon

doi:10.1080/02701367.2015.1078870

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…During the later stages of effort, when approaching volitional exhaustion, there is a shift toward stable, nonfluctuating dynamics, specifically a continuous increase in RPE and task-related thoughts, which are associated with the imminent cessation of exercise. This shift from fluctuating to nonfluctuating dynamics is consistent with the previously reported attentional shift threshold (Hutchinson & Tenenbaum, 2007) and corresponds with the transition from heavy (RPE-15) to very heavy intensity exercise (RPE-17, using the 6-20 scale; Balagué et al, 2015).…”

Section: Dynamic Psychobiological Model Of Exercise-induced Fatiguesupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Balagué and colleagues have conducted a series of studies examining the dynamics of perceived exertion and attention allocation during progressive exhaustive exercise. Findings from these studies have revealed a nonproportional effect of effort accumulation on thought dynamics (Balagué, Hristovski, Aragonés, & Tenenbaum, 2012) and perceived exertion shifts (Aragonés et al, 2013;Balagué et al, 2015). Two distinct phases have been identified during progressive exercise: a period of fluctuating dynamics and a period of dynamic stability.…”

Section: Dynamic Psychobiological Model Of Exercise-induced Fatiguementioning

confidence: 99%

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Perceived effort and exertion.

Hutchinson¹,

Tenenbaum²

2019

APA Handbook of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Volume 2: Exercise Psychology (Vol. 2).

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People who move will all engage in perceived exertion (PE) to some degree. Perceptions of exertion accompany physical activity and play an important role in effort-regulation during physical work. Sensations perceived to be within the "comfort zone" will indicate no need to make any effort adjustments, whereas sensations perceived as too intense will inform a decision to adjust work output. CONCEPTUAL ISSUESDespite its ubiquity, the concept of PE is difficult to define. Perception of exertion involves a complex array of factors, including afferent feedback from the working organs, muscles, and joints; subjective perceptions of force, resistance, or strain; psychophysiological perceptions of breathlessness and nausea; psychological components such as motivation, determination, and task-aversion, as well as input from the brain' s central motor command system. Feelings of pain and discomfort, although distinct, can also affect the overall PE.Further complicating the proper definition of PE is the fact that the terms exertion and effort are often used interchangeably, although these perceptions are different but related psychological constructs. The distinctions between the two perceptions are explored in depth later in the chapter. As an initial point of clarity, we use the term perceived exertion in the first part of the chapter because of its widespread use in the relevant literature. Later, we speak more specifically to perceived effort, which better reflects the array of related perceptions during exercise, of which exertion is only one (see also Razon, Hutchinson, & Tenenbaum, 2012). History of Perceived ExertionGunnar Borg was the first to define and measure PE in the 1960s. Borg, a psychophysicist, was interested in how the perception of exertion develops with changes in workload and whether perception ratings might provide an indicator of performance capacity as a supplement to the physiological values (Borg, 1962). To measure these perceptual estimates, Borg introduced a rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale (Borg, 1978). The most recent iteration of the RPE scale measures the intensity of PE on a 15-point scale ranging from 6 (no exertion at all) to 20 (maximal exertion). The numeric range was designed to parallel the heart rate (HR) range of a normal healthy male (60-200 beats/minute). Borg later developed the CR10 scale (Borg, 1982), which satisfied the psychophysical requirements of ratio scaling. The CR10 scale has a primary numerical range of 0 to 10, with the first verbal anchor at 0.5. The upper anchor of Extremely strong, maximal is at 10, although there is no fixed upper endpoint. This gives the option to select a maximum intensity greater than 10 by

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Section: Dynamic Psychobiological Model Of Exercise-induced Fatiguesupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Dynamic Psychobiological Model Of Exercise-induced Fatiguementioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived effort and exertion.

Hutchinson¹,

Tenenbaum²

2019

APA Handbook of Sport and Exercise Psychology, Volume 2: Exercise Psychology (Vol. 2).

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Findings from research that focused on subjective experiences have revealed fluctuating and metastable dynamics inherent to effort perception and within different types of exercise setting (Balagué et al, 2012, 2015; Aragonés et al, 2013; Garcia et al, 2015; Slapsinskaite et al, 2016). Metastability can be seen as a property related to the existence of multiple separated timescales (Bovier and Den Hollander, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metastable Pain-Attention Dynamics during Incremental Exhaustive Exercise

et al. 2017

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Background: Pain attracts attention on the bodily regions. Attentional allocation toward pain results from the neural communication across the brain-wide network “connectome” which consists of pain-attention related circuits. Connectome is intrinsically dynamic and spontaneously fluctuating on multiple time-scales. The present study delineates the pain-attention dynamics during incremental cycling performed until volitional exhaustion and investigates the potential presence of nested metastable dynamics.Method: Fifteen young and physically active adults completed a progressive incremental cycling test and reported their discomfort and pain on a body map every 15 s.Results: The analyses revealed that the number of body locations with perceived pain and discomfort increased throughout five temporal windows reaching an average of 4.26 ± 0.59 locations per participant. A total of 37 different locations were reported and marked as painful for all participants throughout the cycling task. Significant differences in entropy were observed between all temporal windows except the fourth and fifth windows. Transient dynamics of bodily locations with perceived discomfort and pain were spanned by three principal components. The metastable dynamics of the body pain locations groupings over time were discerned by three time scales: (1) the time scale of shifts (15 s); (2) the time scale of metastable configurations (100 s), and (3) the observational time scale (1000 s).Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that body locations perceived as painful increase throughout the incremental cycling task following a switching metastable and nested dynamics. These findings support the view that human brain is intrinsically organized into active, mutually interacting complex and nested functional networks, and that subjective experiences inherent in pain perception depict identical dynamical principles to the neural tissue in the brain.

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“…Such strategies enable capture of the nonlinear dynamics of integrated variables (e.g., perceived exertion, volition states, attention focus) during exercise and may help to anticipate exhaustion and task failure. Effort phases defined by perceived exertion thresholds, informing about the time and workload intensities that can be sustained over time [ 118 ], have been detected and correlated with conventional physiological measures of anaerobic threshold [ 88 ]. Such ordinal and continuous recording strategies may solve one of the main limitations of subjective monitoring: to precisely transform the complex information of subjective perception(s) in oversimplified numbers [ 74 ].…”

Section: Subjective and Objective Sports Monitoring: Advantages And L...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrative Proposals of Sports Monitoring: Subjective Outperforms Objective Monitoring

Montull

Slapšinskaitė-Dackevičienė

Kiely

et al. 2022

Sports Med - Open

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Current trends in sports monitoring are characterized by the massive collection of tech-based biomechanical, physiological and performance data, integrated through mathematical algorithms. However, the application of algorithms, predicated on mechanistic assumptions of how athletes operate, cannot capture, assess and adequately promote athletes’ health and performance. The objective of this paper is to reorient the current integrative proposals of sports monitoring by re-conceptualizing athletes as complex adaptive systems (CAS). CAS contain higher-order perceptual units that provide continuous and multilevel integrated information about performer–environment interactions. Such integrative properties offer exceptional possibilities of subjective monitoring for outperforming any objective monitoring system. Future research should investigate how to enhance this human potential to contribute further to athletes’ health and performance. This line of argument is not intended to advocate for the elimination of objective assessments, but to highlight the integrative possibilities of subjective monitoring.

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Dynamics of Perceived Exertion in Constant-Power Cycling: Time- and Workload-Dependent Thresholds

Abstract: Time- and workload-dependent thresholds were revealed studying the PES dynamics in constant cycling. Monitoring PES can complement or provide an alternative to the use of physiological measures for an accurate control of training workloads.

Cited by 11 publications

References 25 publications

Perceived effort and exertion.

Perceived effort and exertion.

Metastable Pain-Attention Dynamics during Incremental Exhaustive Exercise

Integrative Proposals of Sports Monitoring: Subjective Outperforms Objective Monitoring

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