Dynamics of North Patagonian rainforests from fine‐resolution pollen, charcoal and tree‐ring analysis, Chonos Archipelago, Southern Chile

Szeicz, Julian M.; Haberle, Simon; Bennett, Keith

doi:10.1046/j.1442-9993.2003.01299.x

Cited by 52 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…As Daniels & Veblen (2003 discussed, structure and dynamics of timberline receive regional climatic influences and will be exacerbated by more global factors, with different spatial responses mostly based on differential availability of moisture. Switches in tree dominance have been interpreted locally in relation to disturbance, for example, shifts from N. betuloides dominance to N. pumilio in southwestern Chile has been attributed to recovery after fire (Szeicz et al 2003). Community structure and biomass decline with altitude and nutrient cycling features (accumulation, uptake, requirement and recycling) in temperate Andean forests conform to the observations made outside of the Andes.…”

Section: Andean Tree Linessupporting

confidence: 63%

“…Physical settings for this part of the temperate Andes include a tectonically active terrain, with a climatic gradient from oceanic wet climates in the westernmost areas to drier seasonal precipitation towards the eastern parts and with a decrease of mean annual temperature from north to south (Villalba et al 1997;Szeicz et al 2003;Lara et al 2005), with implications for explaining tree growth (e.g. Kitzberger et al 1995).…”

Section: Andean Tree Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tree-line changes along the Andes: implications of spatial patterns and dynamics

Young

León

2006

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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The Andes provide an extensive latitudinal and topographical framework for studying the factors that control the spatial patterns of forests (timberlines) and their species components expressed through the presence of tree growth forms (tree lines). Despite consistent overall similarities in landscape patterns, many processes must be unique, given the dramatic differences in species richness and biophysical constraints along the Andes. In all cases evaluated to date, morphological plasticity is a common trait of plant species that dominate at tree lines. In fact, many changes observed can be related to species-specific traits. Physiological limitations on tree growth form only explain species limits, while disturbances and cyclical climate fluctuations interact to affect many landscape patterns. Over long periods of time, tree lines provide unique habitats and perhaps opportunities for speciation. Understanding the spatial organization of tree-line dynamics is one viable research approach for evaluating the likely past fluxes and possible future changes.

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Section: Andean Tree Linessupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Andean Tree Linesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tree-line changes along the Andes: implications of spatial patterns and dynamics

Young

León

2006

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…Higher effective moisture may also explain the expansion of Podocarpus on poorly drained fluvioglacial deposits west of the lake or at higher elevations in the study area between 2,000 and 1,000 cal yr BP (Pérez et al, 2016; Figure 3). Rising CHAR at M. Casanova (Figure 3) is consistent with fire-history reconstructions throughout Patagonia that suggest increased biomass burning during this period (Szeicz et al, 2003;Haberle and Bennett, 2004;Villa-Martínez and Moreno, 2007;de Porras et al, 2014;.…”

Section: Vegetation and Fire History Of West-central Patagoniasupporting

confidence: 68%

Holocene Dynamics of Temperate Rainforests in West-Central Patagonia

et al. 2018

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Analyses of long-term ecosystem dynamics offer insights into the conditions that have led to stability vs. rapid change in the past and the importance of disturbance in regulating community composition. In this study, we (1) used lithology, pollen, and charcoal data from Mallín Casanova (47 • S) to reconstruct the wetland, vegetation, and fire history of west-central Patagonia; and (2) compared the records with independent paleoenvironmental and archeological information to assess the effects of past climate and human activity on ecosystem dynamics. Pollen data indicate that Nothofagus-Pilgerodendron forests were established by 9,000 cal yr BP. Although the biodiversity of the understory increased between 8,480 and 5,630 cal yr BP, forests remained relatively unchanged from 9,000 to 2,000 cal yr BP. The charcoal record registers high fire-episode frequency in the early Holocene followed by low biomass burning between 6,500 and 2,000 cal yr BP. Covarying trends in charcoal, bog development, and Neoglacial advances suggest that climate was the primary driver of these changes. After 2,000 cal yr BP, the proxy data indicate (a) increased fire-episode frequency; (b) centennial-scale shifts in bog and forest composition; (c) the emergence of vegetation-fire linkages not recorded in previous times; and (d) paludification in the last 500 years possibly associated with forest loss. Our results therefore suggest that Nothofagus-Pilgerodendron dominance was maintained through much of the Holocene despite long-term changes in climate and fire. Unparalleled fluctuations in local ecosystems during the last two millennia were governed by disturbance-vegetation-hydrology feedbacks likely triggered by greater climate variability and deforestation.

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“…Few pollen records from central-west Patagonia have examined in detail the vegetation, fire regime and climate changes over the most recent millennia; notable exceptions are the Laguna (L.) F acil (Szeicz et al, 2003), L. Venus (Szeicz et al, 1998) and L. Miranda (Haberle et al, 2000) records (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Regional Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climate change and resilience of deciduous Nothofagus forests in central–east Chilean Patagonia over the last 3200 years

Simi

Moreno

Villa-Martínez

et al. 2017

J Quaternary Science

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We examine the response of Nothofagus forests to climate change and disturbance regimes over the last 3200 years near Coyhaique (45°S), central–east Chilean Patagonia, using fine‐resolution pollen and charcoal records from lake sediment cores. Closed‐canopy deciduous Nothofagus forests have dominated the region with little variation until the arrival of Chilean–European settlers, suggesting a predominance of cool‐temperate and wet conditions. Within this state we identify centennial‐scale episodes of forest fragmentation, increase in littoral macrophytes and volcanic/paleofire disturbance between 2700 and 3000 cal a BP, 2200 and 2500 cal a BP and over the last ∼250 years, which we interpret as intervals with negative hydrologic balance. Natural variability caused little impact on the physiognomy and composition of the vegetation in pre‐European time, in contrast to the accelerated shift that started during the late 19th century associated with deforestation, homogenization and synchronization of ecosystem changes at the landscape level, and spread of exotic plant species brought by Chilean and European settlers during a warm/dry interval. The resilience of deciduous Nothofagus forests to natural disturbance regimes and climate change was exceeded by large‐scale human disturbance since the late 19th century by fire, timber exploitation and livestock grazing. These disturbances caused an ecosystem shift towards artificial meadows and scrublands with frequent high‐magnitude fires. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Dynamics of North Patagonian rainforests from fine‐resolution pollen, charcoal and tree‐ring analysis, Chonos Archipelago, Southern Chile

Cited by 52 publications

References 46 publications

Tree-line changes along the Andes: implications of spatial patterns and dynamics

Tree-line changes along the Andes: implications of spatial patterns and dynamics

Holocene Dynamics of Temperate Rainforests in West-Central Patagonia

Climate change and resilience of deciduous Nothofagus forests in central–east Chilean Patagonia over the last 3200 years

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