Dynamics of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Transmission among Pigs in Northwest Bangladesh and the Potential Impact of Pig Vaccination

Khan, Salah Ud‐Din; Salje, Henrik; Hannan, Abu S.M.A.; Islam, Md. Atiqul; Bhuyan, Abdulla Al Mamun; Islam, Md. Ariful; Rahman, Mustafizur; Nahar, Nazmun; Hossain, M. Jahangir; Luby, Stephen P.; Gurley, Emily S.

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0003166

Cited by 41 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…This is, to our knowledge, the first estimation in East and Southeast Asia of the force of JEV infection in pigs. It was estimated in Bangladesh at 20% per year [24], which is considerably lower than the FOI estimated in our periurban study area (3–5% per day). This difference may translate a different combination of hosts, vectors and agricultural practices in the two areas, pointing out the importance of taking into account these parameters when planning control programs [17].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

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Intensive Circulation of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Peri-urban Sentinel Pigs near Phnom Penh, Cambodia

et al. 2016

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Despite the increased use of vaccination in several Asian countries, Japanese Encephalitis (JE) remains the most important cause of viral encephalitis in Asia in humans with an estimated 68,000 cases annually. Considered a rural disease occurring mainly in paddy-field dominated landscapes where pigs are amplifying hosts, JE may nevertheless circulate in a wider range of environment given the diversity of its potential hosts and vectors. The main objective of this study was to assess the intensity of JE transmission to pigs in a peri-urban environment in the outskirt of Phnom Penh, Cambodia. We estimated the force of JE infection in two cohorts of 15 sentinel pigs by fitting a generalised linear model on seroprevalence monitoring data observed during two four-month periods in 2014. Our results provide evidence for intensive circulation of JE virus in a periurban area near Phnom Penh, the capital and most populated city of Cambodia. Understanding JE virus transmission in different environments is important for planning JE virus control in the long term and is also an interesting model to study the complexity of vector-borne diseases. Collecting quantitative data such as the force of infection will help calibrate epidemiological model that can be used to better understand complex vector-borne disease epidemiological cycles.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 73%

“…pig vaccination, banning pig farming near populated areas, rice flooding management) and optimize JE control according to the local situation in humans and animals. The impact of pig vaccination was for example predicted as an interesting JE control tool in Bangladesh for both animals and humans [24]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensive Circulation of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Peri-urban Sentinel Pigs near Phnom Penh, Cambodia

et al. 2016

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“…A study found that 88% of pigs were raised in a backyard farm (Khan et al . ). Most of the pig raisers were impoverished and invested minimally in pig feed, housing and preventive care (Nahar et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

An outbreak of classical swine fever in pigs in Bangladesh, 2015

Sarkar

Hossain

Gurley

et al. 2017

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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In a group of 22 healthy pigs aged between 4 and 6 months, 2 pigs became ill with high fever, complete anorexia, cough and abnormal swaying movements on 22 June 2015. One of them died on June 24 and the second died on July 3. Shortly after, the remaining pigs also fell ill and died from the same illness by 10 August 2015. We investigated the aetiology, epidemiological and clinical features of the outbreak. We recorded the clinical signs and symptoms for each pig with the date of onset of illness. Veterinarians conducted post‐mortem examinations on the 12 dead pigs, they collected tissue samples from the dead pigs and placed them in a tube containing 1 mL of nucleic acid extraction buffer (lysis buffer). We tested all the tissue samples by real‐time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT‐PCR) to detect classical swine fever virus (CSFV) because the animals’ symptoms matched those of this disease. We also conducted a phylogentic analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the E2 gene segment of CSFV detected in a lung tissue sample. The attack rate (22/22) and the case fatality were 100%. The predominant symptoms of the disease included high fever, cough, diarrhoea and swaying movements of the hind legs prior to death. Of the 12 pigs tissue samples tested, all had evidence of the presence of CSFV RNA by rRT‐PCR. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the virus belongs to genotype 2.2, which is closely related to CSFV genotype 2.2 reported in India. Our investigation suggests that CSF is circulating in pigs, posing a risk for communities in Bangladesh that rely on pigs for economic income and dietary protein. Future research could focus on estimating the disease and economic burden of CSFV in pig rearing areas to determine if interventions might be warranted or cost‐effective.

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“…Pigs serve as amplifying hosts for JEV and significantly contributes to the dissemination of the disease in rural settings without showing any overt clinical signs except abortion and stillbirth in infected pregnant sows (Guerin & Pozzi, 2005). It was estimated that JEV infects about 20 % of the susceptible porcine population in every year with 1.2 basic reproductive numbers among pigs (Khan et al, 2014). Horses and humans are considered as dead-end hosts for JE infection.…”

Section: Transmissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Japanese Encephalitis, Recent Perspectives on Virus Genome, Transmission, Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Prophylactic Interventions

Karthikeyan¹,

Shanmuganathan²,

Pavulraj³

et al. 2017

JEBAS

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Dynamics of Japanese Encephalitis Virus Transmission among Pigs in Northwest Bangladesh and the Potential Impact of Pig Vaccination

Cited by 41 publications

References 21 publications

Intensive Circulation of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Peri-urban Sentinel Pigs near Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Intensive Circulation of Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Peri-urban Sentinel Pigs near Phnom Penh, Cambodia

An outbreak of classical swine fever in pigs in Bangladesh, 2015

Japanese Encephalitis, Recent Perspectives on Virus Genome, Transmission, Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Prophylactic Interventions

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