Dynamics of IgG-avidity and antibody levels after Covid-19

Löfström, Emma; Eringfält, Anna; Kötz, Arne; Wickbom, Fredrik; Tham, Johan; Lingman, Markus; Nygren, Jens M.; Undén, Johan

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2021.104986

Cited by 26 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…[ 24 ], who also described lower binding of post-vaccination sera from naïve compared to convalescent individuals. In contrast to an expected increase in avidity over time [ 25 ], which was observed in longitudinal analyses of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 after COVID-19 [ 26 ], the avidity index in this study remained unchanged after 6 months (in boosted convalescents). However, as already 1 year had elapsed after the primary COVID-19 infection when the patients in this study were vaccinated it could well be, that affinity maturation had already been completed in most individuals [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 98%

Humoral immunity in dually vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-naïve individuals and in booster-vaccinated COVID-19-convalescent subjects

et al. 2022

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Background The immune response to COVID-19-vaccination differs between naïve vaccinees and those who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Longitudinal quantitative and qualitative serological differences in these two distinct immunological subgroups in response to vaccination are currently not well studied. Methods We investigate a cohort of SARS-CoV-2-naïve and COVID-19-convalescent individuals immediately after vaccination and 6 months later. We use different enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) variants and a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) to measure IgG serum titers, IgA serum reactivity, IgG serum avidity and neutralization capacity by ACE2 receptor competition. Results Anti-receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibody titers decline over time in dually vaccinated COVID-19 naïves whereas titers in single dose vaccinated COVID-19 convalescents are higher and more durable. Similarly, antibody avidity is considerably higher among boosted COVID-19 convalescent subjects as compared to dually vaccinated COVID-19-naïve subjects. Furthermore, sera from boosted convalescents inhibited the binding of spike-protein to ACE2 more efficiently than sera from dually vaccinated COVID-19-naïve subjects. Conclusions Long-term humoral immunity differs substantially between dually vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-naïve and COVID-19-convalescent individuals. Booster vaccination after COVID-19 induces a more durable humoral immune response in terms of magnitude and quality as compared to two-dose vaccination in a SARS-CoV-2-naïve background.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 98%

Humoral immunity in dually vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-naïve individuals and in booster-vaccinated COVID-19-convalescent subjects

et al. 2022

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“…The mutating relation among the anti-RBD IgG, anti-Trimeric S IgG, and Nabs, here observed, indicates that antibodies directed against both the RBD and other epitopes in the spike protein are responsible for blocking viral infection (e.g., the N-terminal domain NTD) [26]. It also suggests that the affinity of the antibodies to the spike viral protein induced by the Comirnaty vaccine evolves with time from vaccination [27], similarly to what observed upon SARS-CoV-2 infection [28].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Differential Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Binding and Functional Antibodies upon BNT162b2 Vaccine: A 6-Month Follow-Up

Matusali

Sberna

Meschi

et al. 2022

Viruses

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To investigate the dynamic association among binding and functional antibodies in health-care-workers receiving two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19-vaccine, SARS-CoV-2 anti-RBD IgG, anti-Trimeric-S IgG, and neutralizing antibodies (Nabs) were measured in serum samples collected at 2 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months from full vaccination. Despite the high correlation, results for anti-RBD and anti-Trimeric S IgG were numerically different even after recalculation to BAU/mL following WHO standards indications. Moreover, after a peak response at 2 weeks, anti-RBD IgG levels showed a 4.5 and 13 fold decrease at 3 and 6 months, respectively, while the anti-Trimeric S IgG presented a less pronounced decay of 2.8 and 4.7 fold. Further different dynamics were observed for Nabs titers, resulting comparable at 3 and 6 months from vaccination. We also demonstrated that at NAbs titers ≥40, the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve and the optimal cutoff point decreased with time from vaccination for both anti-RBD and anti-Trimeric S IgG. The mutating relation among the anti-RBD IgG, anti-Trimeric S IgG, and neutralizing antibodies are indicative of antibody maturation upon vaccination. The lack of standardized laboratory procedures is one factor interfering with the definition of a correlate of protection from COVID-19.

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“…A significant portion (45.00%) of seronegative samples here belonged to patients who had COVID-19 more than 6 months prior to sample collection. The period between the 3rd and 6th month since illness onset is mentioned in multiple works concerning declining IgG levels [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Subclasses over Time and in Association with Disease Severity

Korobova

Зуева

Arsentieva

et al. 2022

Viruses

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IgG is the most prominent marker of post-COVID-19 immunity. Not only does this subtype mark the late stages of infection, but it also stays in the body for a timespan of at least 6 months. However, different IgG subclasses have different properties, and their roles in specific anti-COVID-19 responses have yet to be determined. We assessed the concentrations of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4 against different SARS-CoV-2 antigens (N protein, S protein RBD) using a specifically designed method and samples from 348 COVID-19 patients. We noted a statistically significant association between severity of COVID-19 infection and IgG concentrations (both total and subclasses). When assessing anti-N protein and anti-RBD IgG subclasses, we noted the importance of IgG3 as a subclass. Since it is often associated with early antiviral response, we presumed that the IgG3 subclass is the first high-affinity IgG antibody to be produced during COVID-19 infection.

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Dynamics of IgG-avidity and antibody levels after Covid-19

Cited by 26 publications

References 39 publications

Humoral immunity in dually vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-naïve individuals and in booster-vaccinated COVID-19-convalescent subjects

Humoral immunity in dually vaccinated SARS-CoV-2-naïve individuals and in booster-vaccinated COVID-19-convalescent subjects

Differential Dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 Binding and Functional Antibodies upon BNT162b2 Vaccine: A 6-Month Follow-Up

Changes in Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Subclasses over Time and in Association with Disease Severity

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